Size and speed of the working stroke of cardiac myosin in situ

The power in the myocardium sarcomere is generated by two bipolar arrays of the motor protein cardiac myosin II extending from the thick filament and pulling the thin, actin-containing filaments from the opposite sides of the sarcomere. Despite the interest in the definition of myosin-based cardiomyopathies, no study has yet been able to determine the mechanokinetic properties of this motor protein in situ. Sarcomere-level mechanics recorded by a striation follower is used in electrically stimulated intact ventricular trabeculae from the rat heart to determine the isotonic velocity transient following a stepwise reduction in force from the isometric peak force T-P to a value T (0.8-0.2 T-P). The size and the speed of the early rapid shortening (the isotonic working stroke) increase by reducing T from similar to 3 nm per half-sarcomere (hs) and 1,000 s(-1) at high load to similar to 8 nm.hs(-1) and 6,000 s(-1) at low load. Increases in sarcomere length (1.9-2.2 mu m) and external [Ca2+](o) (1-2.5 mM), which produce an increase of T-P, do not affect the dependence on T, normalized for T-P, of the size and speed of the working stroke. Thus, length-and Ca2+-dependent increase of T-P and power in the heart can solely be explained by modulation of the number of myosin motors, an emergent property of their array arrangement. The motor working stroke is similar to that of skeletal muscle myosin, whereas its speed is about three times slower. A new powerful tool for investigations and therapies of myosin-based cardiomyopathies is now within our reach.