期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 113, 期 17, 页码 4688-4693出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1522070113
关键词
morality; intentions; cognition; culture; human universals
资金
- United Kingdom's Arts and Humanities Research Council
- Rutgers University Research Group on Evolution and Higher Cognition
- Hang Seng Centre for Cognitive Studies, University of Sheffield
- AHRC [119413/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Arts and Humanities Research Council [119413/1] Funding Source: researchfish
Intent and mitigating circumstances play a central role in moral and legal assessments in large-scale industrialized societies. Although these features of moral assessment are widely assumed to be universal, to date, they have only been studied in a narrow range of societies. We show that there is substantial cross-cultural variation among eight traditional small-scale societies (ranging from hunter-gatherer to pastoralist to horticulturalist) and two Western societies (one urban, one rural) in the extent to which intent and mitigating circumstances influence moral judgments. Although participants in all societies took such factors into account to some degree, they did so to very different extents, varying in both the types of considerations taken into account and the types of violations to which such considerations were applied. The particular patterns of assessment characteristic of large-scale industrialized societies may thus reflect relatively recently culturally evolved norms rather than inherent features of human moral judgment.
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