In vitro multiplication of Dianthus carthusianorum calamine ecotype with the aim to revegetate and stabilize polluted wastes

Abandoned metalliferous wastes can be spontaneously colonized by specialized species or ecotypes, and therefore representatives from such populations might be exploited in phytoremediation. Thus, this study was focused on determining the conditions for culture initiation and elaborating the propagation protocol of wild calamine ecotype of Dianthus carthusianorum. The proper propagation medium proved modified MS enriched with 1.0 mg/L 2iP and 0.2 mg/L IAA. The massive majority (93%) of microplantlets were successfully transferred to ex vitro conditions. Micropropagated calamine ecotype of D. carthusianorum has proved to be useful for phytoremediation application. The obtained plants experimentally cultivated on post-flotation wastes generated during the process of zinc-lead ore enrichment were monitored, and compared with specimens of the population obtained as a result of seed sowing. Plants propagated through tissue culture grew better, developed faster and more abundantly bloomed in comparison with the generatively propagated control material. This is one of the few reports concerning the possibility of using in vitro technique for effective production of plant material ready to be used in chemically degraded area.