Association between water and carbon dioxide transport in leaf plasma membranes: assessing the role of aquaporins

The role of some aquaporins as CO2 permeable channels has been controversial. Low CO2 permeability of plantmembranes has been criticized because of unstirred layers and other limitations. Here we measured both water and CO2 permeability (P-os, P-CO2) using stopped flow on plasma membrane vesicles (pmv) isolated from Pisum sativum (pea) and Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. We excluded the chemical limitation of carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the vesicle acidification technique for P-CO2 using different temperatures and CA concentrations. Unstirred layers were excluded based on small vesicle size and the positive correlation between vesicle diameter and P-CO2. We observed high aquaporin activity (P-os 0.06 to 0.22cms(-1)) for pea pmv based on all the criteria for their function using inhibitors and temperature dependence. Inhibitors of Pos did not alter P-CO2. P-CO2 ranged from 0.001 to 0.012 cms(-1) (mean 0.0079+0.0007cms(1)) with activation energy of 30.2 kJmol(1). Intrinsic variation between pmv batches from normally grown or stressed plants revealed a weak (R-2 = 0.27) positive linear correlation between Pos and P-CO2. Despite the low P-CO2, aquaporins may facilitate CO2 transport across plasma membranes, but probably via a different pathway than for water.