期刊
CHEMSUSCHEM
卷 8, 期 14, 页码 2378-2384出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201403488
关键词
batteries; capacity; metal oxide anode; reaction mechanism; ruthenium
资金
- National Research Foundation [2010-C1AAA001-2010-0029065]
- Human Resources development program of KETEP - Korean government [20124010203270]
The structural changes and electrochemical behavior of RuO2 are investigated by using insitu XRD, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical techniques to understand the electrochemical reaction mechanism of this metal oxide anode material. Intermediate phase-assisted transformation of RuO2 to LiRuO2 takes place at the start of discharge. Upon further lithiation, LiRuO2 formed by intercalation decomposes to nanosized Ru metal and Li2O by a conversion reaction. A reversible capacity in addition to its theoretical capacity is observed on discharging below 0.5V during which no redox activity involving Ru is observed. TEM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique are used to probe this additional capacity. The results show that the additional capacity is a result of Li storage in the grain boundary between nanosized Ru metal and Li2O. Findings of this study provide a better understanding of the quantitative share of capacity by a unique combination of intercalation, conversion, and interfacial Li storage in a RuO2 anode.
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