Godel and Godel-type universes in Brans-Dicke theory

In this paper, conditions for existence of Godel and Godel-type solutions in Brans-Dicke (BD) scalar-tensor theory and their main features are studied. The consistency of equations of motion, causality violation and existence of CTCs (closed time-like curves) are investigated. The role which cosmological constant and Mach principle play to achieve the consistency of this model is studied. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.