4.6 Article

Convergent evolution of pathogenicity islands in helper cos phage interference

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ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0505

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  1. Medical Research Council (UK) [MR/M003876/1]
  2. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC, UK) [BB/N002873/1]
  3. EU [670932]
  4. National Institutes of Health (USA) [R01 AI083255-06]
  5. MINECO (Spain) [BIO2013-42619-P]
  6. Valencian Government [II/2014/029]
  7. European Research Council (ERC) [670932] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
  8. BBSRC [BB/N002873/1] Funding Source: UKRI
  9. MRC [MR/M003876/1] Funding Source: UKRI
  10. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/N002873/1] Funding Source: researchfish
  11. Medical Research Council [MR/M003876/1] Funding Source: researchfish

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Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) are phage satellites that exploit the life cycle of their helper phages for their own benefit. Most SaPIs are packaged by their helper phages using a headful (pac) packaging mechanism. These SaPIs interfere with pac phage reproduction through a variety of strategies, including the redirection of phage capsid assembly to form small capsids, a process that depends on the expression of the SaPI-encoded cpmA and cpmB genes. Another SaPI subfamily is induced and packaged by cos-type phages, and although these cos SaPIs also block the life cycle of their inducing phages, the basis for this mechanism of interference remains to be deciphered. Here we have identified and characterized one mechanism by which the SaPIs interfere with cos phage reproduction. This mechanism depends on a SaPI-encoded gene, ccm, which encodes a protein involved in the production of small isometric capsids, compared with the prolate helper phage capsids. As the Ccm and CpmAB proteins are completely unrelated in sequence, this strategy represents a fascinating example of convergent evolution. Moreover, this result also indicates that the production of SaPI-sized particles is a widespread strategy of phage interference conserved during SaPI evolution. This article is part of the themed issue 'The new bacteriology'.

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