期刊
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
卷 162, 期 -, 页码 152-169出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.12.003
关键词
Antioxidant; Cardiovascular; Cholesterol; Inflammation; Pharmacokinetics; Radioprotectant
资金
- NUS
- NUS-Industry Relevant Program (IRP) Research Scholarship
- National Medical Research Council of Singapore [NMRC/CBRG/0027/2012]
- NUHS [R-184-000-238-112]
The discovery of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) began in 1922 as a vital component required in reproduction. Today, there are eight naturally occurring vitamin E isoforms, namely alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherol and alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocotrienol. Vitamin E is potent antioxidants, capable of neutralizing free radicals directly by donating hydrogen from its chromanol ring. alpha-Tocopherol is regarded the dominant form in vitamin E as the alpha-tocopherol transfer protein in the liver binds mainly alpha-tocopherol, thus preventing its degradation. That contributed to the oversight of tocotrienols and resulted in less than 3% of all vitamin E publications studying tocotrienols. Nevertheless, tocotrienols have been shown to possess superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties over alpha-tocopherol. In particular, inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase to lower cholesterol, attenuating inflammation via downregulation of transcription factor NF-kappa B activation, and potent radioprotectant against radiation damage are some properties unique to tocotrienols, not tocopherols. Aside from cancer, vitamin E has also been shown protective in bone, cardiovascular, eye, nephrological and neurological diseases. In light of the different pharmacological properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols, it becomes critical to specify which vitamin E isoform(s) are being studied in any future vitamin E publications. This review provides an update on vitamin E therapeutic potentials, protective effects and modes of action beyond cancer, with comparison of tocopherols against tocotrienols. With the concerted efforts in synthesizing novel vitamin E analogs and clinical pharmacology of vitamin E, it is likely that certain vitamin E isoform(s) will be therapeutic agents against human diseases besides cancer. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据