期刊
OPTICS LETTERS
卷 41, 期 4, 页码 673-676出版社
OPTICAL SOC AMER
DOI: 10.1364/OL.41.000673
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资金
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK)
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/K03197X/1]
- Medical Research Council (MRC)
- Department of Health (UK)
- KCL/UCL Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre
- King's College London
- STMicroelectronics
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/I022074/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Cancer Research UK [21840] Funding Source: researchfish
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/K03197X/1, EP/M01326X/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [MR/M022927/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- BBSRC [BB/I022074/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- EPSRC [EP/M01326X/1, EP/K03197X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- MRC [MR/M022927/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is a fundamental fluorescence lifetime measurement technique offering high signal to noise ratio (SNR). However, its requirement for complex software algorithms for histogram processing restricts throughput in flow cytometers and prevents on-the-fly sorting of cells. We present a single-point digital silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) detector accomplishing real-time fluorescence lifetime-activated actuation targeting cell sorting applications in flow cytometry. The sensor also achieves burst-integrated fluorescence lifetime (BIFL) detection by TCSPC. The SiPM is a single-chip complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensor employing a 32 x 32 single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array and eight pairs of time-interleaved time to digital converters (TI-TDCs) with a 50 psminimum timing resolution. The sensor's pile-up resistant embedded center of mass method (CMM) processor accomplishes low-latency measurement and thresholding of fluorescence lifetime. A digital control signal is generated with a 16.6 mu s latency for cell sorter actuation allowing a maximum cell throughput of 60,000 cells per second and an error rate of 0.6%. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America
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