The Impact of Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch (BPD/DS) Over 9 Years

There is limited information on the multiple long-term effects of the biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS). Patients who consented to a BPD/DS from 1999 to 2010 were evaluated for weight change, complications, comorbidity resolution, body composition, quality of life, and depressive symptoms during visits at 1, 3,5, 7, and 9 years. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and pair-wise comparisons were calculated for each of the five follow-up cohorts vs. the baseline cohort. Between 1999 and 2010, 284 patients received a BPD/DS; 275 patients (69.8 % women) age 42.7 years, BMI 53.4 kg/m(2) qualified for baseline analysis. Two hundred seventy-five patients were available in year 1; 275 patients in year 3; 273 patients in year 5; 259 patients in year 7; and 228 patients in year 9. Gender distribution was not different. BMI was 30.1 at 1 year and 32.0 at 9 years. Body fat was reduced to 26 % after 2 years. Complications requiring surgery were significant. Nutritional problems developed in 29.8 % of patients over the course of observation. The baseline Beck Depression Index (BDI) was 13.9 and 7.2 in year 1. Year 1 through 9 remained unchanged. There were significant positive changes in quality of life between baseline and year 1 for most domains. These positive changes were maintained for the follow-up cohorts. After surgery the resolution of comorbidities continued for the 9 years. Weight loss during the first year was well maintained, resolving comorbidities and improving quality of life. Rates of surgical complications resemble other bariatric procedures. Long-term nutrient deficiencies are of concern.