☆ 4.4 Review

Back to the future: Using ancient Bere barley landraces for a sustainable future

PLANTS PEOPLE PLANET (2023)

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Review Plant Sciences

Heritage genetics for adaptation to marginal soils in barley

Sidsel Birkelund Schmidt et al.

Summary: Future crops need to be sustainable in the face of climate change. Modern barley varieties have suffered genetic erosion, losing genetic diversity and becoming vulnerable to climate change. Utilizing diversity in landrace populations, combined with information about local environmental and climatic conditions, allows targeted selection of key traits and genotypes, enabling crop production in marginal soils. Genomics technologies and big data can be used to support sustainable agriculture through germplasm development from landrace collections.

TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2023)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Climatic controls on the survival and loss of ancient types of barley on North Atlantic Islands

Peter Martin et al.

Summary: The study calculated minimum temperature requirements for ancient types of barley in sites across the Scottish Isles, Faroes, and Iceland. It compared these thresholds with reconstructions of annual cropping season degree days (CSDD) using temperature and tree-ring data to investigate site suitability for barley cultivation. The results showed differences in CSDD between regions and time periods, with occasional challenges and periods of abandonment, but also the resilience of barley cultivation due to well-adapted strains and socio-economic factors.

CLIMATIC CHANGE (2023)

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Article History

Understanding Early Modern Beer: An Interdisciplinary Case-Study

Susan Flavin et al.

Summary: This article presents an interdisciplinary approach to studying early modern beer, using sixteenth-century Ireland as a case-study. By recreating an early modern beer and conducting scientific analysis, new perspectives on the nutritional characteristics of beer as a dietary staple are revealed. This project serves as a model for integrating practical or experimental approaches into mainstream historical study and represents the most comprehensive effort to recreate historic beer.

HISTORICAL JOURNAL (2023)

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Article Biodiversity Conservation

Analysis of landrace cultivation in Europe: A means to support in situ conservation of crop diversity

Lorenzo Raggi et al.

Summary: Over the past century, the switch from landraces to modern high yielding varieties in Europe has led to a significant reduction in crop diversity. However, a recent study has collected information on over 19,000 geo-referenced landrace cultivation sites from 14 European countries, highlighting the cultivation of 141 herbaceous and 48 tree species across the continent. Italy, Greece, Portugal, and Spain have the highest number of landrace species cultivated.

BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION (2022)

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Article Agronomy

The evolutionary relationship between bere barley and other types of cultivated barley

Konstantina Drosou et al.

Summary: This study used genotyping-by-sequencing to investigate the evolutionary history of bere, the oldest cultivated barley variety in Britain and possibly in Europe. The results showed that bere can be genetically categorized into two distinct groups, one of which has a close genetic affiliation with Scandinavian barley and the other represents a more recent introduction from central Europe. The findings emphasize the uniqueness of bere barley and its significance as a heritage crop.

GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION (2022)

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Article Plant Sciences

Evaluating Variation in Germination and Growth of Landraces of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Under Salinity Stress

Jonathan E. Cope et al.

Summary: Climate change is causing increased salinity in soil, rising saline groundwater, and droughts, which lead to salinity stress in crops like barley. Landraces of barley, particularly Scottish Bere lines, show potential tolerance to salinity stress. The study analyzed 140 heritage cultivars and landrace lines of barley and found that most lines showed increased germination time and decreased shoot biomass and early root growth under salinity stress. Elite cultivars had a stronger response to salinity compared to landrace lines. One specific line, Bere 49 A 27 Shetland, showed high salinity tolerance in all experiments. Genome Wide Association Screening identified genomic regions associated with salinity tolerance. Promising candidate genes were identified within these regions. Further analysis and field trials are needed to identify targets for future breeding for salinity tolerance.

FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2022)

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Review Genetics & Heredity

Genome-Environment Associations, an Innovative Tool for Studying Heritable Evolutionary Adaptation in Orphan Crops and Wild Relatives

Andres J. Cortes et al.

Summary: This article reviews a novel interdisciplinary approach, genome-environment associations (GEAs), which combines ecological climate data with evolutionary genomics to accelerate prebreeding and discovery of genotypic sources of adaptation. This approach aims to increase genetic gain of abiotic stress tolerance in annual crops such as legumes and cereals. It emphasizes the need for updating GEA models, gathering genomic estimated adaptive values (GEAVs), and optimizing genomic prediction and machine learning models.

FRONTIERS IN GENETICS (2022)

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Article Biodiversity Conservation

Landrace added value and accessibility in Europe: what a collection of case studies tells us

L. Raggi et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the in situ maintenance of landraces in different agro-environmental conditions in Europe, as well as identified the main factors influencing landrace added values and accessibility. The results showed that farmers are the main actors maintaining landraces in situ, mainly carrying out their activity under organic or low-input conditions, in marginal areas. This evidence can contribute to the establishment of future European policies and strategies to protect and increase landrace use.

BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION (2021)

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Article Food Science & Technology

The Impact of Terroir on the Flavour of Single Malt Whisk(e)y New Make Spirit

Maria Kyraleou et al.

Summary: The study found that barley variety and geographical location significantly impact the flavor of new make spirit, demonstrating the potential importance of terroir in the production of single malt whisk(e)y.

FOODS (2021)

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Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Identifying potential novel resistance to the foliar disease 'Scald' (Rhynchosporium commune) in a population of Scottish Bere barley landrace (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Jonathan E. Cope et al.

Summary: Barley 'Scald' is a fungal disease causing significant economic losses in the UK barley industries. This study identified potential sources of resistance in Scottish Bere barley, with three lines consistently showing reduced infection levels. Genome-wide association analysis revealed new genetic regions with promising candidate genes for future disease-resistant breeding targets.

JOURNAL OF PLANT DISEASES AND PROTECTION (2021)

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Review Plant Sciences

Importance of Landraces in Cereal Breeding for Stress Tolerance

Daniela Marone et al.

Summary: The renewed focus on cereal landraces is a response to the reduction of genetic diversity caused by modern agriculture and conventional breeding. These landraces are still cultivated on marginal lands and play an important role in modern plant breeding. On-farm and ex situ conservation in gene bank collections, together with data sharing, greatly benefit cereal improvement.

PLANTS-BASEL (2021)

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Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

A review of the interactions between biodiversity, agriculture, climate change, and international trade: research and policy priorities

Andrea Monica D. Ortiz et al.

Summary: Addressing the challenge of feeding nearly 10 billion people sustainably by 2050 is a top priority for research and policy makers. Understanding the impact of the global food system on biodiversity is crucial, as biodiversity plays a key role in supporting essential functions and services for agriculture. Identifying interactions, trade-offs, and synergies between biodiversity, agriculture, climate change, and international trade remains a gap in knowledge that needs to be addressed.

ONE EARTH (2021)

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Article Plant Sciences

Assessing the variation in manganese use efficiency traits in Scottish barley landrace Bere (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Jonathan E. Cope et al.

ANNALS OF BOTANY (2020)

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Review Plant Sciences

Introgression Breeding in Barley: Perspectives and Case Studies

Javier Hernandez et al.

FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Soil Science

Is Bere barley specifically adapted to fertilisation with seaweed as a nutrient source?

L. K. Brown et al.

NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS (2020)

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Review Environmental Sciences

Barley landraces: Ecological heritage for edaphic stress adaptations and sustainable production

Arvind Kumar et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS (2020)

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Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Transnational cooperation to develop local barley to beer value chains

Hilde Halland et al.

OPEN AGRICULTURE (2020)

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Article Anthropology

Seaweed fertilisation impacts the chemical and isotopic composition of barley: Implications for analyses of archaeological skeletal remains

Magdalena Blanz et al.

JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE (2019)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Genebank genomics highlights the diversity of a global barley collection

Sara G. Milner et al.

NATURE GENETICS (2019)

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Editorial Material Genetics & Heredity

Harnessing the potential of germplasm collections

Peter Langridge et al.

NATURE GENETICS (2019)

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Article Plant Sciences

Ancient barley landraces adapted to marginal soils demonstrate exceptional tolerance to manganese limitation

Sidsel Birkelund Schmidt et al.

ANNALS OF BOTANY (2019)

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Article Anthropology

Searching for the Origins of Bere Barley: a Geometric Morphometric Approach to Cereal Landrace Recognition in Archaeology

M. Wallace et al.

JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL METHOD AND THEORY (2019)

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Article History

DISTILLING IN THE CABRACH, C. 1800-1850: THE ILLICIT ORIGINS OF THE SCOTCH WHISKY INDUSTRY

Kieran German et al.

JOURNAL OF SCOTTISH HISTORICAL STUDIES (2019)

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Article Plant Sciences

Cereal cultivation as a correlate of high social status in medieval Iceland

Scott Riddell et al.

VEGETATION HISTORY AND ARCHAEOBOTANY (2018)

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Review Evolutionary Biology

In situ conservation-harnessing natural and human-derived evolutionary forces to ensure future crop adaptation

Mauricio R. Bellon et al.

EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS (2017)

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Article Anthropology

Farmer fidelity in the Canary Islands revealed by ancient DNA from prehistoric seeds

Jenny Hagenblad et al.

JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE (2017)

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Article Food Science & Technology

The agronomic performance and nutritional content of oat and barley varieties grown in a northern maritime environment depends on variety and growing conditions

Andrew Chappell et al.

JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE (2017)

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Review Plant Sciences

Diversifying Food Systems in the Pursuit of Sustainable Food Production and Healthy Diets

Sangam L. Dwivedi et al.

TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2017)

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Article Plant Sciences

Toward an Evolved Concept of Landrace

Francesc Casanas et al.

FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2017)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Recent warming across the North Atlantic region may be contributing to an expansion in barley cultivation

Peter Martin et al.

CLIMATIC CHANGE (2017)

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Review Plant Sciences

Manganese Deficiency in Plants: The Impact on Photosystem II

Sidsel Birkelund Schmidt et al.

TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2016)

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Article Geography

Why bother with Bere? An investigation into the drivers behind the cultivation of a landrace barley

Niamh Mahon et al.

JOURNAL OF RURAL STUDIES (2016)

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Review Plant Sciences

Barley: a translational model for adaptation to climate change

Ian K. Dawson et al.

NEW PHYTOLOGIST (2015)

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Article Plant Sciences

Genotypic variation in the ability of landraces and commercial cereal varieties to avoid manganese deficiency in soils with limited manganese availability: is there a role for root-exuded phytases?

Timothy S. George et al.

PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM (2014)

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Article Geography, Physical

The Vikings were not the first colonizers of the Faroe Islands

Mike J. Church et al.

QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS (2013)

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Article Anthropology

Feasting in Viking Age Iceland: sustaining a chiefly political economy in a marginal environment

Davide Zori et al.

ANTIQUITY (2013)

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Article Anthropology

Next generation sequencing of DNA in 3300-year-old charred cereal grains

Sandra L. Bunning et al.

JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE (2012)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Plague and landscape resilience in premodern Iceland

Richard Streeter et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2012)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Crops that feed the world 4. Barley: a resilient crop? Strengths and weaknesses in the context of food security

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FOOD SECURITY (2011)

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Review Agronomy

Cereal landraces for sustainable agriculture. A review

A. C. Newton et al.

AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (2010)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Inheritance of tolerance to low soil pH in barley

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HEREDITAS (2009)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Highly discrepant proportions of female and male Scandinavian and British Isles ancestry within the isolated population of the Faroe Islands

TD Als et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS (2006)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

The nutritional properties of flours derived from Orkney grown bere barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

H. E. Theobald et al.

NUTRITION BULLETIN (2006)

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Article Food Science & Technology

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Article Anthropology

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Review Geography, Physical

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