4.2 Review

Morphology controlled performance of ternary layered oxide cathodes

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Size controllable single-crystalline Ni-rich cathodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries

Ji-Lei Shi et al.

Summary: By using Vegard's Slope as a guide for selecting sintering aids, size-controlled single-crystalline Ni-rich (SCNR) cathodes were successfully synthesized, which exhibit higher energy density and improved safety. The synthesis of large SCNR cathodes was achieved by promoting grain boundary migration and reducing surface energy through the migration of sintering aids. The fabricated SCNR cathodes demonstrated high electrode press density, volumetric energy density, and capacity retention, making them suitable for electric vehicles and portable devices.

NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW (2023)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Restraining the escape of lattice oxygen enables superior cyclic performance towards high-voltage Ni-rich cathodes

Haifeng Yu et al.

Summary: A dual-track strategy of tantalum doping and cerium oxide coating is used to fully restrain the escape of lattice oxygen from Ni-rich cathodes in high-voltage regions, enhancing the performance and safety of lithium-ion batteries. The treated cathode exhibits high cyclic performance within the voltage range of 2.7-4.5 V.

NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW (2023)

Article Electrochemistry

Rational structure of rod-like single crystal LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.04Al0.01O2 cathode for superior-stable lithium-ion battery

Zemin Tao et al.

Summary: Ultra-high nickel layered LiNixCo gamma Mn1-x-yO2 (U-NCMs, x >= 0.9) materials show promise as ideal cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. However, conventional polycrystalline U-NCMs suffer from capacity degradation and structural instability. This study introduces rod-like single-crystal LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.04Al0.01O2 (R-SC NCMAs) materials with superior stability and performance, achieved through a simple solvothermal synthesis method.

ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA (2023)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Micro- and nano-structural design strategies towards polycrystalline nickel-rich layered cathode materials

Lili Lin et al.

Summary: Polycrystalline nickel-rich layered transition metal oxides (NRLOs) are potential cathodes for commercial lithium-ion batteries, especially in the electric vehicle market. However, they suffer from structural degradation and severe electrochemical performance deterioration. This review focuses on the structure-activity relationship of NRLOs and discusses recent progress in different microstructures, synthesis strategies, and future perspectives on micro- and nano-structure modifications.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2023)

Review Energy & Fuels

A review of nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes: synthetic strategies, structural characteristics, failure mechanism, improvement approaches and prospects

Yao Lv et al.

Summary: Nickel-rich layered oxide cathode materials have high specific capacity and environmental friendliness, but the cycle performance and thermal stability decrease with increasing nickel content. Thorough review of structural characteristics and synthetic methods is necessary, focusing on capacity degradation mechanism and improvement strategies.

APPLIED ENERGY (2022)

Article Engineering, Mechanical

Probing the effect of surface parameters and particle size in the diffusion-induced stress of electrodes during lithium insertion

Bo Wang et al.

Summary: Experimental studies have shown that the active particles of electrodes undergo phase transformations during ion-insertion, leading to diffusion-induced stresses and surface fractures. Limited research has considered the impact of surface stress on elastic deformations and plastic deformation in electrode materials during ion-insertion. The findings suggest that surface modification could enhance the structural integrity of electrodes during the lithium-ion process.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES (2022)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Microstructure-optimized concentration-gradient NCM cathode for long-life Li-ion batteries

Geon-Tae Park et al.

Summary: In this study, the effect of calcination temperature on the physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance of full-concentration-gradient Li[Ni0.78Co0.10Mn0.12]O-2 (FCG NCM78) was comprehensively investigated. The results showed that the electrochemical performance of FCG NCM78 was significantly influenced by its physical properties, such as crystallinity, compositional gradient, and morphology. FCG NCM78 calcined at the optimal temperature retained its morphological texture and exhibited high crystallinity, resulting in remarkable cycling stability and superior rate capability. On the other hand, excessively coarsened FCG NCM78 cathode particles, obtained at high calcination temperatures, developed permanent microcracks, leading to severe structural damage and rapid deterioration of the solid electrolyte interphase layer.

MATERIALS TODAY (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The challenges and opportunities of battery-powered flight

Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan et al.

Summary: This Perspective explores the requirements and potential chemistries for battery-powered aircraft. The differences between flight and terrestrial needs are highlighted, with the major constraint for aviation being safe and usable specific energy.

NATURE (2022)

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Single-Crystal LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 Cathodes for Extreme Fast Charging

Yanying Lu et al.

Summary: This study presents synthetic approaches to produce different morphologies of SC LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NMC811) samples and analyzes their performance. The results show that Poly-SC811 with a predominating (104) surface exhibits superior performance even under high charge rates, attributed to its better chemical and structural stabilities, faster Li+ diffusion kinetics, suppressed side reactions with electrolyte, and excellent cracking resistance.
Article Materials Science, Ceramics

Improving electrochemical performance of NCM811 cathodes for lithium-ion batteries via consistently arranging the hexagonal nanosheets with exposed {104} facets

Zhaowei Wu et al.

Summary: A hierarchical layered LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode with exposed active {104} facets and consistent arrangement of {001} facets has been successfully synthesized by structure design. This cathode material shows improved Li+ ion diffusion efficiency and structural stability, resulting in superior reversible capability and stable cycling performance.

CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Low-temperature strategy to synthesize single-crystal LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 with enhanced cycling performances as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries

Fangya Guo et al.

Summary: This study synthesized single-crystal pm-sized LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 rods using a hydrothermal method, followed by low-temperature calcination with excessive lithium sources. The resulting cathode material exhibited excellent electrochemical performances with ordered layered structure and low cation mixing, providing a feasible method for synthesizing other single-crystal Ni-rich cathode materials for LIBs.

NANO RESEARCH (2022)

Review Engineering, Chemical

Balancing particle properties for practical lithium-ion batteries

Jing Zhang et al.

Summary: Particle properties play a crucial role in the performance of batteries, including particle size, distribution, and shape. Balancing the properties of electrode material particles is essential for achieving satisfactory comprehensive performance in lithium-ion batteries.

PARTICUOLOGY (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Accelerated Degradation in a Quasi-Single-Crystalline Layered Oxide Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries Caused by Residual Grain Boundaries

Rui Zhang et al.

Summary: The growing demand for electrical vehicles requires high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries with excellent cycling stability and safety performance. However, conventional polycrystalline high-Ni cathodes suffer from degradation and capacity fade. The single-crystallization strategy improves cathode stability, but residual grain boundaries can persist, forming quasi-single-crystalline cathodes. The influence of these grain boundaries on electrochemical performance and structural stability is not well understood. Here, we investigate the degradation pathway of a quasi-single-crystalline high-Ni cathode and find that residual grain boundaries worsen its instability and cycling performance. This work provides important guidance for next-generation long-life lithium-ion battery cathodes.

NANO LETTERS (2022)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Single-Crystalline Cathodes for Advanced Li-Ion Batteries: Progress and Challenges

Yongkang Han et al.

Summary: This review examines the development history and recent progress of single-crystalline cathodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). It highlights the advantages of single-crystalline cathodes over their polycrystalline counterparts and discusses the challenges, solutions, and characterization techniques. The review also analyzes the development issues of single-crystalline cathodes and proposes research thrusts for the future.
Article Chemistry, Physical

High-Energy Ni-Rich Cathode Materials for Long-Range and Long-Life Electric Vehicles

Been Namkoong et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates the use of boron doping to modify the microstructure of Li-ion battery cathodes, effectively protecting the particles from electrolyte attack. The results confirm that microstructural modification can suppress cathode degradation caused by electrolyte attack, and the proposed cathode can be used at full capacity in the fully charged state, enabling the development of economical high-energy-density Li-ion batteries.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Direct upcycling of mixed Ni-lean polycrystals to single-crystal Ni-rich cathode materials

Xiaotu Ma et al.

Summary: A new direct upcycling process is proposed, which converts spent polycrystalline Ni-lean cathodes into single-crystal Ni-rich cathodes using a one-step molten salt method. This method can be applied to mixed cathode streams without additional sorting and separating steps. The obtained upcycled cathode materials exhibit improved capacity and stability, demonstrating a pathway towards the sustainable development of LIBs.
Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Kinetic Origin of Planar Gliding in Single-Crystalline Ni-Rich Cathodes

Xin-Hai Meng et al.

Summary: This study investigates the origin and evolution of the gliding phenomenon in single-crystalline Ni-rich cathodes and reveals the forms of gliding, including discrete or continuous forms. It is demonstrated that the gliding process is the in-plane migration of transition metal ions, and reducing oxygen vacancies can restrain gliding and microcracking. The designed cathode with less oxygen deficiency exhibits outstanding cycling performance.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Effect of the grain arrangements on the thermal stability of polycrystalline nickel-rich lithium-based battery cathodes

Dong Hou et al.

Summary: The authors conducted in situ physicochemical characterizations to improve the fundamental understanding of the degradation mechanism in polycrystalline Ni-rich cathodes at elevated temperatures. They found that grain microstructures play an essential role in the thermal stability of lithium-based positive battery electrodes, and that oxygen release during thermal runaway can be regulated by engineering grain arrangements. Additionally, the grain arrangements can also modulate the macroscopic crystallographic transformation pattern and oxygen diffusion length in layered oxide cathode materials.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Designing Cathodes and Cathode Active Materials for Solid-State Batteries

Philip Minnmann et al.

Summary: Solid-state batteries are gaining attention as a potentially safe electrochemical high-energy storage concept. However, there are still challenges in designing cathode active materials that are compatible with superionic solid electrolytes. This perspective provides an overview of the required properties and challenges of inorganic cathode active materials used in solid-state batteries, and proposes guidelines for future development.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Precursor Morphology Control and Electrochemical Properties of LiNi0.35Mn0.30Co0.35O2 as a Li-Ion Battery Positive Electrode Material

Yuki Koshika et al.

Summary: By controlling the dissolved oxygen concentration during co-precipitation, the electrochemical properties of LiNi0.35Mn0.30Co0.35O2 (NMC) as a positive electrode material can be controlled, resulting in improved discharge capacity and rate performance, with morphology adapted to the precursor.

ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS (2022)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

The Effects of Phosphate Impurity on Recovered LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Cathode Material via a Hydrometallurgy Method

Yan Wang et al.

Summary: The presence of phosphate impurities in the hydrometallurgical recycling of NCM cathode materials has a detrimental effect on the diffusion and electrochemical properties of the recycled materials, hindering their performance. Therefore, these impurities need to be excluded from the recycling process.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2022)

Article Engineering, Chemical

The structure-activity relationship between precursor fine structure and cathode performance in ultra-high Ni layered oxide

Lang Qiu et al.

Summary: The primary particles of ultra-high Ni cathodes play a crucial role in the (de)intercalation of Li+ ions, affecting the electrochemical performance significantly. Research shows that larger primary particle sizes in cathodes can effectively reduce localized stress, inhibit cracks within and between grains, and restrain the growth of CEI film, ultimately improving structural stability. The trend in future development seems to lean towards cathodes with larger primary particles and smaller secondary particles.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Underlying limitations behind impedance rise and capacity fade of single crystalline Ni-rich cathodes synthesized via a molten-salt route

Luqman Azhari et al.

Summary: This study investigates the performance and limitations of single-crystalline LiNixMnyCozO2 cathodes. Planar gliding and severe intragranular fracture occur in the high voltage region, primarily associated with structural transitions. The single-crystalline material exhibits reduced available capacity and enhanced capacity fade due to impedance growth.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Single-Crystalline Ni-Rich LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 Cathode Materials: A Perspective

Hao Zhang et al.

Summary: In this article, the synthesis parameters, properties, energy storage, and safety of single crystal and poly-crystal NMC cathodes are critically reviewed. The focus is on the recent advances in understanding the mechanisms and strategies for stabilizing the structure/interface, as well as the remaining challenges and prospects for improving the electrochemical performance of single crystal NMC cathodes for electric vehicle applications.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Direct Recycling of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes: A Multi-Stage Annealing Process to Recover the Pristine Structure and Performance

Anthony T. Montoya et al.

Summary: This study evaluates the process of thermal relithiation in recovering lost lithium from recycled lithium-ion battery cathodes to restore capacity and performance. The optimized coating and annealing methods are shown to be effective in achieving this goal, and provide a better understanding of the process through the use of new characterization tools.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2022)

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Introducing high-valence elements into cobalt-free layered cathodes for practical lithium-ion batteries

Geon-Tae Park et al.

Summary: Eliminating cobalt from nickel-rich layered cathodes is crucial for reducing material cost and promoting sustainable development of Li-ion batteries. By adding 1 mol% molybdenum, the Li(Ni0.89Mn0.1Mo0.01)O-2 cathode exhibits improved performance in terms of capacity and cycling stability, thanks to grain size refinement and enhanced cation ordering.

NATURE ENERGY (2022)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Controlled Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Ni-Rich Cathodes for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

Bokai Cao et al.

Summary: This study reports a synthesis process for microsized single-crystalline NCM811 particles and demonstrates their excellent electrochemical performance.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2022)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Tailoring shape and exposed crystal facet of single-crystal layered-oxide cathode particles for all-solid-state batteries

Hoyeol Jeon et al.

Summary: The shape and exposed crystal facet of cathode particles have important effects on the electrochemical performance of all-solid-state batteries, with specific shapes of cathode particles potentially enhancing the rate capability of the battery.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Improving LiNiO2 cathode performance through particle design and optimization

Minkyung Kim et al.

Summary: To enable further development of Ni-rich LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 (NMC, x >= 0.9) cathodes for commercial applications, fundamental understanding of the synthesis-property-performance relationships in the LiNiO2 (LNO) parent phase is essential. In this study, synthesis approaches to produce well-formed, similar-sized single-crystal LiNiO2 (SC-LNO) with different shapes and dominating surface facets were reported. The dependence of cathode rate performance and cycling stability on particle morphology and surface was revealed. The study demonstrates the importance of particle morphology and surface design, and provides key insights into desirable material properties for developing future LNO-based cathode materials with better performance.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Value-creating upcycling of retired electric vehicle battery cathodes

Guannan Qian et al.

Summary: This study presents a molten-salt-based method for direct recycling of electric vehicle batteries, which can convert the waste into valuable materials with outstanding electrochemical performance. This work may open opportunities for the recycling and manufacturing of next-generation cathode materials for electric vehicle batteries.

CELL REPORTS PHYSICAL SCIENCE (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Self-assembled porous LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode materials with micro/ nano-layered hollow morphologies for high-power lithium-ion batteries

Hong Gu et al.

Summary: The Ni2+/Li+ disorder is a key issue in the application of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode material. In this study, a novel hollow porous LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 material was synthesized using ammonium bicarbonate-assisted solvo/hydrothermal method with ethylene glycol (EG) and surfactant polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The material showed a unique spherical-like hollow structure, expanded electrochemical active region, and inhibited Ni2+/Li+ disorder.

APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Lithium Transport Pathways Guided by Grain Architectures in Ni-Rich Layered Cathodes

Yuki Nomura et al.

Summary: This study reveals the correlations between grain architecture, Li transport pathways, and phase transitions in Ni-rich layered cathodes using in situ transmission electron microscopy. The results show that Li ions are extracted through tortuous paths connecting the Li-containing a-b planes in the crystals, and the grain boundary resistance depends not only on the misorientations of the neighboring grains.

ACS NANO (2021)

Article Electrochemistry

Temperature-Swing Synthesis of Large-Size Single-Crystal LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 Cathode Materials

Guannan Qian et al.

Summary: Single-crystal lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt-oxide (SC-NMC) has emerged as a promising battery cathode material due to its outstanding cycle performance and mechanical stability compared to traditional polycrystalline NMC. The temperature-swing sintering (TSS) strategy can be used to achieve both grain growth and structural ordering in SC-NMC particles, improving their performance.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Enhanced cycling stability of Sn-doped Li[Ni0.90Co0.05Mn0.05]O-2 via optimization of particle shape and orientation

Trung Thien Nguyen et al.

Summary: The proposed Sn substitution method improves the cycling stability of Ni-rich layered cathodes by effectively suppressing microcrack formation and propagation. The microstructure-modified Sn-NCM90 cathode shows enhanced cycling performance with high capacity retention after multiple cycles.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Highly-Dispersed Submicrometer Single-Crystal Nickel-Rich Layered Cathode: Spray Synthesis and Accelerated Lithium-Ion Transport

Jin Leng et al.

Summary: In this study, highly-dispersed submicron single-crystal LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode material was efficiently prepared using spray pyrolysis technique, balancing the contradiction between high crystallinity and cation disordering. The optimized SC-NCA cathode demonstrated excellent rate performance and stability, showing potential for practical applications in lithium ion batteries.
Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Rational design of mechanically robust Ni-rich cathode materials via concentration gradient strategy

Tongchao Liu et al.

Summary: The study found that using concentration gradient design can successfully alleviate particle cracking issues in Ni-rich cathode materials without sacrificing electrode capacity. By investigating the effects of Co and Mn on the mechanical properties of Ni-rich materials, it is found that Co-enriched surface design helps suppress particle cracking formation, while Mn-enriched core limits internal expansion and improves structural integrity. The concentration gradient design also promotes morphological stability and cycling performances in Li metal coin cell configuration.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Physical

A Review of Degradation Mechanisms and Recent Achievements for Ni-Rich Cathode-Based Li-Ion Batteries

Ming Jiang et al.

Summary: The demand for sustainable energy storage has led to a need for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries with higher specific capacity and safety standards, which has put Ni-rich layered transition metal oxides in the spotlight. While these materials show promise for the next generation of batteries, their instability poses challenges for commercialization. This paper reviews degradation processes in Ni-rich cathode-based LIBs and discusses recent advancements in stabilization strategies for future battery components.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2021)

Article Energy & Fuels

Reactive boride infusion stabilizes Ni-rich cathodes for lithium-ion batteries

Moonsu Yoon et al.

Summary: The use of engineered polycrystalline electrodes in lithium-ion batteries is crucial for cycling stability and safety, but achieving high-quality coatings at both the primary and secondary particle levels can be challenging. A coating-and-infusion approach using cobalt boride metallic glass on a Ni-rich layered cathode has been shown to significantly enhance performance, including rate capability and cycling stability under various conditions. The success of this approach is attributed to the simultaneous suppression of microstructural degradation and side reactions, as well as the critical role of strong selective interfacial bonding in ensuring uniform reactive wetting and facilitating infusion.

NATURE ENERGY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Effect of Nanostructured and Open-Porous Particle Morphology on Electrode Processing and Electrochemical Performance of Li-Ion Batteries

Marcus Muller et al.

Summary: The study investigates the behavior of a nanostructured, porous NCM cathode material in terms of electrode processing and electrochemical performance. The results show that nanostructuring does not affect the chemical composition and structural parameters, but only changes the particle morphology. Despite initially high electrode porosities, electrodes with nanostructured NCM can withstand calendering without destroying the porous particles. Full-cell tests reveal improved C-rate capabilities and long-term cycling benefits for the nanostructured material compared to the commercial original NCM.

ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

One-dimensional Hierarchical Porous Layered Oxide LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Cathode for Lithium-ion Batteries via Self-template Interstitial Co-precipitation Method

Zhouliang Tan et al.

Summary: A novel architecture of one-dimensional microrod-like Ni-rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes has been successfully constructed, showing considerable initial reversible discharge capacity and cyclic performance attributed to the unique microrod-like porous structure. This work can be seen as an attractive synthetic pathway towards the development of high-performance Ni-rich battery materials in the future.

CHEMISTRY LETTERS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Grain Boundaries and Their Impact on Li Kinetics in Layered-Oxide Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries

Xiaomei He et al.

Summary: This study focuses on the role of grain boundaries in layered-oxide cathodes in Li transport, using first-principles theoretical approach to investigate the impact of different grain boundary structures on Li transport kinetics. Results show that some grain boundaries facilitate Li migration, while others significantly impede Li diffusion, leading to varying effects on Li diffusivity.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Recycled cathode materials enabled superior performance for lithium-ion batteries

Xiaotu Ma et al.

Summary: Recycled LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 demonstrates superior rate and cycle performance, outperforming commercial materials and providing a green and sustainable solution for spent lithium-ion batteries.
Article Chemistry, Physical

Microstructure Engineered Ni-Rich Layered Cathode for Electric Vehicle Batteries

Un-Hyuck Kim et al.

Summary: The Nb doping of NCA85 modifies its particle morphology and microstructure, reducing internal strain and improving long-term cycling stability and fast charging capabilities.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Micron-Sized Monodisperse Particle LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Derived by Oxalate Solvothermal Process Combined with Calcination as Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Zhuo Chen et al.

Summary: In this study, LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 with micron-sized monodisperse particles was successfully synthesized using a solvothermal method combined with calcination. The material showed reliable electrochemical performance in lithium-ion batteries, especially for Ni-rich cathode materials, indicating great potential for practical applications.

MATERIALS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Fundamental and solutions of microcrack in Ni-rich layered oxide cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries

Shouyi Yin et al.

Summary: This review discusses the challenges and solutions of modifying Ni-rich layered cathodes specifically for microcrack failure, including mechanisms of microcrack formation and evolution, recent advances in stabilizing the structure/interface of Ni-rich cathodes, and strategies to mitigate microcracks and improve electrochemical performance. Additionally, outlook and perspectives for practical application of Ni-rich layered cathodes in electric vehicles are provided.

NANO ENERGY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

A perspective on single-crystal layered oxide cathodes for lithium-ion batteries

Jayse Langdon et al.

Summary: The increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries calls for higher energy density and longer cycle life. Single-crystal cathode particles have attracted intense interest due to their remarkable cyclability, but there has been no systematic analysis of the different techniques in this field thus far.

ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS (2021)

Article Energy & Fuels

Concentration-Gradient LiNi0.85Co0.12Al0.03O2 Cathode Assembled with Primary Particles for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries

Yudong Zhang et al.

Summary: Concentration-gradient structure design is a promising strategy to stabilize layered nickel-rich LiNi1-x-yCoxAlyO2 (NCA) cathode materials. The influence of particle size on the properties of concentration-gradient NCA material was explored in this study. It was found that controlling the primary particle size is crucial in enhancing the performance of concentration-gradient Ni-rich cathode materials.

ENERGY & FUELS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Quantifying the influence of charge rate and cathode-particle architectures on degradation of Li-ion cells through 3D continuum-level damage models

Jeffery M. Allen et al.

Summary: The study develops a damage model based on NMC 532 secondary cathode particles to explore the influence of particle sizes on damage and determine charging profiles that reduce cathode fracture. It is found that small secondary particles with large grains experience significantly less damage compared to larger particles with small grains, and that most of the damage accumulates in the initial cycles.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

In situ inorganic conductive network formation in high-voltage single-crystal Ni-rich cathodes

Xinming Fan et al.

Summary: Single-crystal Ni-rich cathodes face issues such as performance degradation and structural instability during cycling. Despite the benefits of using single-crystal Ni-rich cathodes, ion diffusion limitations in large single-crystal particles impact rate capability. The application of an in situ Li1.4Y0.4Ti1.6(PO4)(3) conductive network helps improve lithium-ion transport and cycling life in high-nickel content cathodes.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Capacity Fading Mechanisms in Ni-Rich Single-Crystal NCM Cathodes

Hoon-Hee Ryu et al.

Summary: The study found that despite the high resistance to microcracking, the electrochemical performance of single-crystal NCM cathodes is inferior to polycrystalline NCM cathodes in terms of capacity and cycling stability. During cycling, the lithium concentrations in single-crystal NCM cathodes become spatially inhomogeneous, leading to the coexistence of phases with different unit cell dimensions within a single particle, which affects lithium ion diffusion and causes rapid capacity fading.

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2021)

Editorial Material Energy & Fuels

Layered Li-Ni-Mn-Co oxide cathodes

Michael M. Thackeray et al.

Summary: Lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxides are increasingly the preferred cathode type in automobile batteries due to their superior energy density compared to other types of electrodes.

NATURE ENERGY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Ultrafine-grained Ni-rich layered cathode for advanced Li-ion batteries

Geon-Tae Park et al.

Summary: Limiting the primary particle size of cathodes can effectively address capacity fading issues and improve battery cycling stability. The introduction of Mo helps inhibit primary particle growth, leading to enhanced cycle life for Li[Ni0.95Co0.04Mo0.01]O-2.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Improving the electrochemical performance of cathode composites using different sized solid electrolytes for all solid-state lithium batteries

Rajesh Rajagopal et al.

Summary: In this study, the efficiency of different particle-sized sulfide solid electrolyte-based cathode composites was investigated. Li7P2S8I solid electrolytes with different particle sizes were prepared and their structural details, surface morphologies, and ionic conductivity were analyzed. A LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM 811) based cathode composite was prepared and its electrochemical performance in all-solid-state lithium batteries was studied. The results showed that sulfide solid electrolytes with mixed particle size exhibited higher specific capacitance and better electrochemical performance.

RSC ADVANCES (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Understanding the Ni-rich layered structure materials for high-energy density lithium-ion batteries

Qiqi Tao et al.

Summary: This review summarizes recent progress towards the fundamental understanding of ternary layered-structure oxides, focusing on key issues such as ion intermixing, chemo-mechanical degradation, and phase evolution on the particle surface. Possible strategies and perspectives for addressing these problems are proposed in an effort to guide the further design of advanced layered-structure oxides.

MATERIALS CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

A nanorod-like Ni-rich layered cathode with enhanced Li+ diffusion pathways for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Fangkun Li et al.

Summary: The Ni-rich LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 layered oxide cathode, with a unique nanorod morphology, exposes more {010} electrochemically active planes, leading to improved structural stability and diffusion kinetics. This cathode demonstrates outstanding performance in terms of structural stability and rate performance, meeting the high energy requirements of next generation LIBs.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2021)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

High performance well-developed single crystal LiNi0.91Co0.06Mn0.03O2 cathode via LiCl-NaCl flux method

Seung-Hwan Lee et al.

MATERIALS LETTERS (2020)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

A highly stabilized Ni-rich NCA cathode for high-energy lithium-ion batteries

Hoon-Hee Ryu et al.

MATERIALS TODAY (2020)

Article Energy & Fuels

High-nickel layered oxide cathodes for lithium-based automotive batteries

Wangda Li et al.

NATURE ENERGY (2020)

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Improving the Thermal Stability of NMC 622 Li-Ion Battery Cathodes through Doping During Coprecipitation

Albert L. Lipson et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

New Class of Ni-Rich Cathode Materials Li[NixCoyB1-x-y]O2 for Next Lithium Batteries

Hoon-Hee Ryu et al.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

High-Nickel NMA: A Cobalt-Free Alternative to NMC and NCA Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Wangda Li et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Boosting Reaction Homogeneity in High-Energy Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials

Hyungyeon Cha et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Direct Recycling of Spent NCM Cathodes through Ionothermal Lithiation

Tao Wang et al.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Stabilization of a Highly Ni-Rich Layered Oxide Cathode through Flower-Petal Grain Arrays

H. Hohyun Sun et al.

ACS NANO (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electron Backscatter Diffraction for Investigating Lithium-Ion Electrode Particle Architectures

Alexander Quinn et al.

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