4.5 Review

Femtosecond laser direct writing of functional stimulus-responsive structures and applications

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Micro-Optics 3D Printed via Multi-Photon Laser Lithography

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Summary: The field of 3D micro-optics is rapidly expanding, with key advances in femtosecond laser direct-write 3D multi-photon lithography. Micro-optics fabricated via this technique have shown impressive potential in beam shaping, advanced imaging, optical sensing, and integrated photonic circuits, attracting increasing industrial interest.

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Multiphoton Lithography as a Promising Tool for Biomedical Applications

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Summary: Multiphoton lithography (MPL) is a powerful and useful tool for creating complex 2D and 3D micro- and nanostructures with high spatial resolution. This technology has gained significant interest in tissue engineering and medical device manufacturing due to its ability to generate sophisticated structures not achievable through traditional printing methods. This review discusses the use of two-photon photoinitiators (PIs) and photoreactive biomaterials in biomedical applications and provides an overview of MPL's applications in tissue engineering, biomedical devices, and photodynamic therapy.

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Covalent Adaptable Microstructures via Combining Two-Photon Laser Printing and Alkoxyamine Chemistry: Toward Living 3D Microstructures

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Multiple-Droplet Selective Manipulation Enabled by Laser-Textured Hydrophobic Magnetism-Responsive Slanted Micropillar Arrays with an Ultrafast Reconfiguration Rate

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Increasing the Efficiency of Thermoresponsive Actuation at the Microscale by Direct Laser Writing of pNIPAM

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Multi-Photon 4D Printing of Complex Liquid Crystalline Microstructures by In Situ Alignment Using Electric Fields

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NANO LETTERS (2022)

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Xu-Lin Zhang et al.

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NATURE PHOTONICS (2022)

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Henry De Belly et al.

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NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY (2022)

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Mao-qing Chen et al.

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OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Fabrication, Flow Assembly, and Permeation of Microscopic Any-Shape Particles

Arne Lueken et al.

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Reversible energy absorption of elasto-plastic auxetic, hexagonal, and AuxHex structures fabricated by FDM 4D printing

N. Namvar et al.

Summary: The present study introduces a method of using 4D printing process to manufacture reconfigurable mechanical metamaterials for recoverable energy dissipation and absorption applications with shape memory effects. It is found that metamaterials with re-entrant auxetic unit-cells exhibit better energy absorption capability and show mechanical hysteresis and energy dissipation when undergoing a loading-unloading cycle.

SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES (2022)

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Creating three-dimensional magnetic functional microdevices via molding-integrated direct laser writing

Zemin Liu et al.

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NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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4D Printing of a Fully Biobased Shape Memory Copolyester via a UV-Assisted FDM Strategy

Di Wu et al.

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ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2022)

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Femtosecond Laser-Fabricated Photonic Chips for Optical Communications: A Review

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MICROMACHINES (2022)

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Wireless soft millirobots for climbing three-dimensional surfaces in confined spaces

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SCIENCE ADVANCES (2022)

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Flytrap Inspired pH-Driven 3D Hydrogel Actuator by Femtosecond Laser Microfabrication

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A Review on Stimuli-Actuated 3D Micro/Nanostructures for Tissue Engineering and the Potential of Laser-Direct Writing via Two-Photon Polymerization for Structure Fabrication

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Summary: This review presents the recent research on the fabrication of 3D micro/nanostructures for tissue engineering applications. The overview includes backbone constructs for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as structures that can control cellular processes for faster tissue regeneration using various stimuli. The review also discusses recent applications and fabrication techniques, with emphasis on laser-assisted technologies.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

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Laser-induced microjet-assisted ablation for high-quality microfabrication

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXTREME MANUFACTURING (2022)

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Ultrafast Laser-Ablated Bioinspired Hydrogel-Based Porous Gating System for Sustained Drug Release

Juan Zhang et al.

Summary: A biomimetic hydrogel-based porous gating system (HPGS) was successfully fabricated using in situ femtosecond laser microdrilling and ultraviolet exposure. The HPGS exhibited stability under physiological conditions and achieved sustained drug release in a low pH environment. The drug release was mainly controlled by non-Fickian diffusion, allowing for dynamic speed control of molecular transport. Moreover, the HPGS demonstrated excellent therapeutic efficacy in eliminating HeLa cells in acidic tumor environments. This functional HPGS has significant implications for the treatment of digestive diseases.

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Summary: The study presents a light-responsive candle-soothybridized lubricant-infused slippery surface (CS-LISS) for highly effective and flexible drug HTS. By utilizing near-infrared irradiation and self-cleaning capabilities, the CS-LISS enables rapid fusion and directional steering of droplets in drug screening. Integrated with a GFP HeLa cell chip, it achieves high-efficiency drug toxicity screening.

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Flexible Tri-switchable Wettability Surface for Versatile Droplet Manipulations

Yuegan Song et al.

Summary: This study introduces a smart surface with tunable wettability, utilizing femtosecond laser direct writing to achieve distinct wettability of different components, enabling reversible switching between multiple wetting states for multifunctional manipulation of droplets in microfluidic applications.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2022)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Femtosecond Laser Densification of Hydrogels to Generate Customized Volume Diffractive Gratings

Zheng Xiong et al.

Summary: In this study, the authors propose a new method called femtosecond (fs) laser-induced densification to generate diffractive gratings within hydrogel materials. By controlling the parameters of the fs laser, custom volume gratings can be fabricated within the hydrogel. The method is also demonstrated to be applicable to pH-responsive hydrogels.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Stiff Shape Memory Polymers for High-Resolution Reconfigurable Nanophotonics

Wang Zhang et al.

Summary: In this study, a stiff shape memory polymer was developed to solve the stiction problem in the deformed state, allowing shape recovery. Nanopillars with high resolution and aspect ratio were fabricated using two-photon lithography, enabling reconfigurable structural color prints and holograms.

NANO LETTERS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Bioinspired Lubricated Slippery Magnetic Responsive Microplate Array for High Performance Multi-Substance Transport

Kexiang Shao et al.

Summary: In this study, a triple-biologically inspired lubricated slippery magnetic-responsive microplate array (LS-MMA) was proposed for multi-substance transport. By applying a moving magnetic field, the microplates bend and overlap to form a continuous slippery surface, enabling the transport of bubbles, droplets, and solid objects. Through the adhesive properties of the lubricant, the LS-MMA also achieves three-dimensional transport of bubbles and droplets. This multi-substance transport strategy improves the applicability and flexibility of target manipulation.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

3D Printed Microstructures Erasable by Darkness

Steven C. Gauci et al.

Summary: This article introduces a unique photoresist for direct laser writing (DLW) that is capable of printing 3D microstructures which can be erased by exposure to darkness. By using light-stabilized dynamic materials, microstructures that remain stable under continuous green light irradiation but degrade once the light source is switched off are fabricated. In-depth analysis of the degradation and light stabilization properties showcase the potential of this photoresist to control the release and impart responsive behavior onto printed structures.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Wireless Miniature Magnetic Phase-Change Soft Actuators

Yichao Tang et al.

Summary: The article introduces a miniature magnetic phase-change soft composite actuator with large output force and work capacity, which can be used in potential applications in medical and robotic fields. Experiments demonstrate that the actuator performs well under remote magnetic radio frequency heating, showing its promising prospects for diverse applications.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Multiphoton Lithography of Organic Semiconductor Devices for 3D Printing of Flexible Electronic Circuits, Biosensors, and Bioelectronics

Omid Dadras-Toussi et al.

Summary: By incorporating organic semiconductor materials and utilizing multiphoton lithography technology, three-dimensional OS composite microstructures with high electrical conductivity and biocompatibility were successfully fabricated, providing an efficient platform for sensitive glucose detection in biosensors.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2022)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Droplet manipulation on superhydrophobic surfaces based on external stimulation: A review

Chen Yang et al.

Summary: Superhydrophobic surfaces with high water contact angles and low surface energy have great potential for droplet manipulation, especially in response to external stimuli. Recent research has shown promising results in this field.

ADVANCES IN COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mechanical nanolattices printed using nanocluster-based photoresists

Qi Li et al.

Summary: This study reports a strategy for the rapid nanoprinting of complex structural nanocomposites using metal nanoclusters. The ultrasmall, quantum-confined nanoclusters function as two-photon activators and precursors for mechanical reinforcements and nanoscale porogens. Complex 3D nanocomposites and structures with tunable nanoporosity are printed using this method. The nanocluster-polymer nanolattices exhibit high specific strength, energy absorption, deformability, and recoverability. This framework provides a generalizable, versatile approach for the use of photoactive nanomaterials in additive manufacturing of complex systems with emergent mechanical properties.

SCIENCE (2022)

Article Polymer Science

Humidity Responsive Reflection Grating Made by Ultrafast Nanoimprinting of a Hydrogel Thin Film

Stefan Cesnik et al.

Summary: This research aims to improve the response time of humidity sensors by changing the surface-to-volume ratio of a humidity-sensitive polymer thin film and using an optical read-out method. Large and uniform nanostructured areas are created on the thin film using nanoimprint lithography. The first proof of concept shows that the response time of the structured thin film is at least three times faster than commercial sensors.

MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A bioinspired snap-through metastructure for manipulating micro-objects

Xuan Zhang et al.

Summary: Inspired by the trigger plant, this study explores a mechanical metastructure for overcoming adhesion using a spring lock mechanism. Reversible miniaturized snap-through devices are successfully realized by micron-scale direct printing, allowing for successful pick-and-place handling of micro-objects. This technique is applicable in various scenarios and surface conditions.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2022)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Microrobot with Gyroid Surface and Gold Nanostar for High Drug Loading and Near-Infrared-Triggered Chemo-Photothermal Therapy

Shirong Zheng et al.

Summary: A magnetically guided helical microrobot with a Gyroid surface is proposed for high drug-loading efficiency and precise drug delivery. All spaces inside the microrobot are interconnected, enabling drug loading deep inside the structure. Gold nanostars are introduced for near-infrared-induced photothermal therapy and triggering drug release.

PHARMACEUTICS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Functional Shape-Morphing Microarchitectures Fabricated by Dynamic Holographically Shifted Femtosecond Multifoci

Leran Zhang et al.

Summary: This work introduces a new method for manufacturing functional microdevices based on responsive hydrogel. By combining holograms with lens phase modulation, multiple femtosecond laser spots are generated and shifted for rapid prototyping of three-dimensional shape-morphing structures. This method, which does not require any moving equipment, offers a facile and flexible approach for fabricating high-performance microcage arrays and arrayed analytical platforms.

NANO LETTERS (2022)

Article Physics, Multidisciplinary

Non-Abelian Thouless pumping in photonic waveguides

Yi-Ke Sun et al.

Summary: Non-Abelian Thouless pumping has been experimentally realized in an on-chip photonic platform, where the outcome depends on the sequence of pumping operations. This study can reveal more complex non-Abelian topological physics and has the potential to realize on-chip non-Abelian photonic devices.

NATURE PHYSICS (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

3D printing colloidal crystal microstructures via sacrificial-scaffold-mediated two-photon lithography

Keliang Liu et al.

Summary: The authors demonstrate a sacrificial-scaffold-mediated two-photon lithography strategy that enables the fabrication of complex 3D colloidal crystal microstructures with orderly arranged nanoparticles in the bulk.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Bioinspired Anti-Fogging and Anti-Fouling Artificial Compound Eyes

Minjing Li et al.

Summary: In this study, a multi-functional curved artificial compound eye (MF-ACE) was fabricated using a combination of femtosecond laser wet etching, soft lithography, and PDMS swelling methods. The MF-ACE exhibited excellent anti-fogging, anti-fouling, and self-cleaning abilities, as well as high optical performance and uniformity. It has potential applications in various fields under harsh environmental conditions.

ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS (2022)

Review Optics

Liquid crystal-based structural color actuators

Pei Zhang et al.

Summary: Animals can modify their body shape and color for protection, inspiring the development of actuator with color changes. Liquid crystal-based actuators offer a promising approach for achieving structural color changes.

LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Magnetically encoded 3D mesostructure with high-order shape morphing and high-frequency actuation

Rui Li et al.

Summary: Inspired by origami/kirigami, this study introduces a magnetically encoded transferable 3D mesostructure with high-order shape morphing and high-frequency actuation capabilities, which is applied for multiple functional devices.

NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Puffball-Inspired Microrobotic Systems with Robust Payload, Strong Protection, and Targeted Locomotion for On-Demand Drug Delivery

Xin Song et al.

Summary: Microrobots inspired by puffballs are developed, featuring an internal chamber for loading large drug quantities and spatial drug separation, and a near-infrared-responsive top-sealing layer offering strong drug protection and on-demand release. These puffball-inspired microrobots (PIMs) have tunable loading capacities, enhanced drug protection, and high drug release efficiency upon near-infrared laser irradiation.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2022)

Review Engineering, Biomedical

4D printing: a cutting-edge platform for biomedical applications

Moqaddaseh Afzali Naniz et al.

Summary: This paper introduces the evolution of natural materials and how the issue of static printed objects not being able to reshape dynamically is addressed through 4D printing technology. It also discusses the recent developments in smart materials and their potential applications in biomedical engineering.

BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS (2022)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

3D optomechanical metamaterials

Alexander Muenchinger et al.

Summary: Mechanical metamaterials composed of liquid-crystal elastomers have the capability to change their properties under external stimulus. By presenting two examples, we demonstrate the responsiveness of these metamaterials and overcome previous limitations.

MATERIALS TODAY (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Rapid and Multimaterial 4D Printing of Shape-Morphing Micromachines for Narrow Micronetworks Traversing

Chen Xin et al.

Summary: Micromachines with high environmental adaptability have the potential to deliver targeted drugs in complex biological networks. However, current 4D printing methods have limitations in processing efficiency and single processing material, which restrict the development and application of shape-morphing micromachines (SMMs). In this study, two 4D printing strategies using pH-responsive hydrogels were proposed to fabricate SMMs for complex micro-networks traversing. The SMMs showed efficient magnetic, bubble, and hybrid propulsion modes and demonstrated the capability of traversing narrow micronetworks for targeted cargo delivery.
Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Miniature optoelectronic compound eye camera

Zhi-Yong Hu et al.

Summary: Researchers have demonstrated the potential of a miniature optoelectronic integrated compound eye camera by manufacturing polymer compound eyes with logarithmic profile ommatidia, which enables large field-of-view imaging, spatial position identification, and sensitive trajectory monitoring of moving targets. This insect-scale camera holds great promise for cutting-edge applications in endoscopy and robot vision by integrating well-developed planar imaging sensors with complex micro-optics elements.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Light-Controlled Microbots in Biomedical Application: A Review

Md Faiyaz Jamil et al.

Summary: The article summarizes the achievements, future possibilities, and challenges facing light-powered microbots. It also proposes feasible ways to overcome challenges, providing assistance for future researchers in studying and developing the next generation of light-actuated microbots.

APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL (2022)

Article Crystallography

Laser Written Stretchable Diffractive Optic Elements in Liquid Crystal Gels

Bohan Chen et al.

Summary: This paper demonstrates the fabrication of mechanically tunable diffraction gratings in stretchable LC gels using a combination of two-photon polymerization direct laser writing (TPP-DLW) and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The results show that a diffraction grating can be written using TPP-DLW in the presence of an electric field to align and lock-in the LC director in a homeotropic configuration. The paper also presents the change in the diffraction grating period and far-field diffraction pattern when the film is stretched or contracted.

CRYSTALS (2022)

Article Engineering, Manufacturing

Burst mode enabled ultrafast laser inscription inside gallium arsenide

Andong Wang et al.

Summary: Ultrafast laser inscription (ULI) inside semiconductors, such as gallium arsenide (GaAs), offers new possibilities for 3D monolithic structures in electronic and photonic microdevices. This paper presents a study on ULI inside GaAs and proposes the use of burst-mode irradiation to overcome nonlinear effects and achieve successful machining. The results demonstrate the potential application of the proposed method for 3D structuring inside GaAs.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXTREME MANUFACTURING (2022)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

The Development Progress of Surface Structure Diffraction Gratings: From Manufacturing Technology to Spectroscopic Applications

Ye Wang et al.

Summary: In this paper, the development status of high-precision diffraction gratings and the latest advancements in manufacturing techniques are reviewed.

APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL (2022)

Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Microfluidic systems toward blood hemostasis monitoring and thrombosis diagnosis: From design principles to micro/nano fabrication technologies

Yi Xu et al.

Summary: Perfusable endothelialized models created through micro/nano engineering advances in microfluidic systems have shown improvements in blood hemostasis monitoring and thrombosis treatment. However, current platelet aggregation tests fail to meet clinical requirements. This review provides an overview of microfluidic system design principles and fabrication strategies for studying platelet adhesion and aggregation. The importance, benefits, challenges, and potential for clinical applications of these principles and methods are discussed.
Article Automation & Control Systems

Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Tracking and Navigation of Submillimeter-Scale Wireless Magnetic Robots

Mehmet Efe Tiryaki et al.

Summary: The utilization of MRI technology in magnetic control of robots has opened up new opportunities for minimally invasive medical procedures. A novel 1D projection-based MRI approach has been developed to track magnetic particles as small as 300 micrometers in diameter, which could significantly enhance the precision of future minimally invasive medical operations.

ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Temperature-Responsive 4D Liquid Crystal Microactuators Fabricated by Direct Laser Writing by Two-Photon Polymerization

Marc del Pozo et al.

Summary: Liquid crystalline photoresists can be used to fabricate highly crosslinked 4D microactuators with unique polarization colors, enabling complex tasks and anti-anticounterfeiting microdevices.

SMALL STRUCTURES (2022)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A Review of Shape Memory Polymers and Composites: Mechanisms, Materials, and Applications

Yuliang Xia et al.

Summary: SMPs and SMPCs, as stimuli-responsive polymers, have broad application prospects in multiple fields with features of large recoverable deformation, enhanced mechanical properties, and controllable remote actuation. These materials combine functional, reversible, multiple, and controllable shape recovery processes, applicable in aerospace engineering, biomedical devices, flexible electronics, and soft robotics among others.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

Review Engineering, Biomedical

Stimuli-Responsive Biomaterials: Scaffolds for Stem Cell Control

Amy Gelmi et al.

Summary: Engineering biomaterials can recreate the microenvironmental and endogenous cues affecting stem cell fate in an ex vivo environment, providing temporal and spatial cues to stem cells through responsive to exogenous stimulation. These stimuli-responsive biomaterials have versatile applications in studying stem cell responses and cellular manipulation, with promising potential for future personalized tissue engineering and organoid models.

ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Environmentally Adaptive Shape-Morphing Microrobots for Localized Cancer Cell Treatment

Chen Xin et al.

Summary: The development of environmentally adaptive shape-morphing microrobots (SMMRs) with programmatically encoded expansion rates in pH-responsive hydrogel enables targeted microparticle delivery. Combining magnetic propulsion, a shape-morphing microcrab (SMMC) is capable of gripping, transporting, and releasing microparticles.

ACS NANO (2021)

Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Polymerization mechanisms initiated by spatio-temporally confined light

Edvinas Skliutas et al.

Summary: Ultrafast laser 3D lithography based on multi-photon lithography offers precise rapid prototyping and flexible additive manufacturing options, yet there is still incomplete understanding regarding factors like spatial resolution, accuracy, fabrication throughput, repeatability, and material properties.

NANOPHOTONICS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Noncontact All-In-Situ Reversible Reconfiguration of Femtosecond Laser-Induced Shape Memory Magnetic Microcones for Multifunctional Liquid Droplet Manipulation and Information Encryption

Chuanzong Li et al.

Summary: The study developed iron particles doped shape memory microcones that can be tuned between tilted and upright states under light and magnetic field. The magnetic microcones, fabricated using laser ablation replica molding, allow precise control of height. It was also observed that droplets can be transported unidirectionally on the tilted microcones.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2021)

Review Optics

Two-photon lithography for three-dimensional fabrication in micro/ nanoscale regime: A comprehensive review

V. Harinarayana et al.

Summary: With the introduction of femtosecond lasers in the early 1990s, ultrafast laser processing has become crucial for micro/nano machining, with Two-photon lithography (TPL) being a unique technique that has revolutionized laser material processing. This paper provides an overview of TPL, including its working principle, experimental setup, and materials, as well as techniques to improve resolution and pave the way for industrialization. The paper also thoroughly reviews TPL for microfabrication, with an emphasis on metamaterials.

OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

In Situ Tuning Underwater Bubble Movement on Slippery Lubricant-Infused Anisotropic Microgrooved Surface by Unidirectional Mechanical Strain

Yunlong Jiao et al.

Summary: Research focuses on designing and fabricating functional interfaces to control the movement behavior of underwater gas bubbles. A slippery lubricant-infused anisotropic microgrooved surface (SLI-AMGS) was successfully fabricated using femtosecond laser direct writing technology, allowing for reversible switching between underwater bubble sliding and pinning. By changing mechanical tensile strain, real-time dynamic modulation of underwater bubbles was demonstrated in different acid-based environments, showing potential applications in various fields such as underwater bubble microfluidics and microbubble robots.

LANGMUIR (2021)

Review Optics

Femtosecond laser-based processing methods and their applications in optical device manufacturing: A review

Xiaoduo Wang et al.

Summary: Femtosecond laser fabrication offers unique advantages for manufacturing optical and photonic devices based on complex 3D structures, with versatile applications in various fields. This review highlights recent advancements in femtosecond laser fabrication technologies and their applications, as well as methods and applications for manufacturing cutting-edge optical devices.

OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Designable structural coloration by colloidal particle assembly: from nature to artificial manufacturing

Kaixuan Li et al.

Summary: This review focuses on the design of artificial structural colors based on colloidal particle assembly and summarizes the functional bioinspired structure colors. It demonstrates the design principles of biomimetic structural colors via precise structure engineering and typical bottom-up methods, and outlines some main applications and future prospects. The review aims to introduce recent design strategies about artificial structure colors and provide insights for future development.

ISCIENCE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Liquid-Crystal-Elastomer-Actuated Reconfigurable Microscale Kirigami Metastructures

Mingchao Zhang et al.

Summary: This study focuses on the fabrication of microscale thermo-responsive reconfigurable metasurfaces using stimuli-responsive liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) as artificial muscle, and explores the relationship between shape transformation behaviors and geometrical parameters of the kirigami structures. Additionally, temperature-dependent switching and information encryption applications are demonstrated as proof of concept.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

λ/12 Super Resolution Achieved in Maskless Optical Projection Nanolithography for Efficient Cross-Scale Patterning

Yu-Huan Liu et al.

Summary: The proposed maskless optical projection nanolithography (MLOP-NL) technique provides an efficient means of achieving cross-scale patterning with large-scale and precise configuration.

NANO LETTERS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Robust Hierarchical Porous PTFE Film Fabricated via Femtosecond Laser for Self-Cleaning Passive Cooling

Junrui Wu et al.

Summary: This study presents the fabrication of a robust hierarchical porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film with self-cleaning function using femtosecond laser ablation technique. The surface structure exhibits outstanding durability of passive cooling effect, resulting in temperature decrease of up to 4 and 10 degrees C compared to other surfaces. This research demonstrates the feasibility of femtosecond laser micromachining in producing durable self-cleaning passive cooling materials.

NANO LETTERS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Analytical

3D Manufacturing of Glass Microstructures Using Femtosecond Laser

Agne Butkute et al.

Summary: The rapid expansion of femtosecond laser technology has enabled significant advances in the 3D processing of transparent materials, leading to the production of high-precision structures like nanophotonic elements and microfluidic systems. This review discusses the underlying physical mechanism of material interaction with ultrashort pulses, its applications in 3D processing, and possible limitations. Further directions for field development, including synergies with other fs-laser-based manufacturing techniques, are highlighted.

MICROMACHINES (2021)

Review Chemistry, Analytical

Tethered and Untethered 3D Microactuators Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization: A Review

Zhaoxin Lao et al.

Summary: Microactuators can convert external stimuli into mechanical motion at microscale and have wide applications. Compared to traditional 2D MEMS devices, 3D microactuators offer a new platform for stimuli-responsive functional devices. 3D laser printing is a promising technique for creating smart devices due to its versatility and flexibility.

MICROMACHINES (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

How to adjust bubble?s adhesion on solid in aqueous media: Femtosecond laser-ablated patterned shape-memory polymer surfaces to achieve bubble multi-manipulation

Jinglan Huo et al.

Summary: Manipulating the behavior of gas bubbles in aqueous environments is crucial in medical and microfluidic fields. By combining different surface morphologies, researchers have achieved adjustable underwater bubble adhesion, allowing for precise bubble manipulation and transportation. This study opens up possibilities for developing novel strategies for multi-manipulation of bubbles in practical applications.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Nano-3D-Printed Photochromic Micro-Objects

Sebastian Ulrich et al.

Summary: This study presents the first photoresist for direct laser writing of photochromic 3D micro-objects via two-photon polymerization, enabling rapid processing of complex microstructures with excellent photoresponsiveness and reversible color-changing. The work provides a new approach for custom microfabrication of 3D photochromic objects with molecularly engineered color and responsiveness.
Review Optics

Hybrid laser precision engineering of transparent hard materials: challenges, solutions and applications

Huagang Liu et al.

Summary: Laser is a versatile tool for precision engineering with rapid development and extensive applications. Hybrid laser processing technologies have been developed to overcome challenges in processing transparent hard materials and show remarkable benefits for microstructures and functional devices fabrication.

LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

In Situ Electric-Induced Switchable Transparency and Wettability on Laser-Ablated Bioinspired Paraffin-Impregnated Slippery Surfaces

Chao Chen et al.

Summary: This study introduces a Joule-heat-responsive impregnated slippery surface with switchable wetting and optical properties, allowing in-situ controllable motion of liquids and reversible conversion of optical visibility. By applying/ discharging low electric-trigger, diverse liquids can be controlled on planar/curved surfaces and optical visibility can be switched between opaque and transparent modes.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2021)

Article Optics

Direct (3+1)D laser writing of graded-index optical elements

Xavier Porte et al.

Summary: The study introduces a single-step additive fabrication method for graded-index optical elements, demonstrating a rapid manufacturing process using a commercial printer and photoresist, which can be applied for various optical devices.

OPTICA (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Magnetic soft micromachines made of linked microactuator networks

Xinghao Hu et al.

Summary: This study utilizes two-photon polymerization to fabricate soft untethered micromachines with overall sizes less than 100 μm, linking Janus microparticle-based magnetic microactuators and positioning them with magnetic field-based torques. The fabrication strategy enables programmed shape transformations and various robotic gaits for surface locomotion.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

3D printed personalized magnetic micromachines from patient blood-derived biomaterials

Hakan Ceylan et al.

Summary: This study proposes a personalized approach using patient blood-derivable biomaterials to construct wireless medical micromachines, aiming to alleviate safety risks from biocompatibility issues. The micro-machines demonstrated in this study exhibit multi-responsive and pH-responsive functions for controlled cargo delivery and release applications. The use of proteinaceous fabrics also enables enzymatic degradability, lowering potential risks of long-term toxicity.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

4D Thermomechanical metamaterials for soft microrobotics

Qingxiang Ji et al.

Summary: The research presents a soft micro robot based on metamaterials that can achieve controlled motion under thermal stimuli. The system consists of two functional structures: a rotational element and a translational element, both designed based on the thermoelastic bilayer plate principle.

COMMUNICATIONS MATERIALS (2021)

Article Engineering, Manufacturing

Femtosecond laser fabrication of nanograting-based distributed fiber sensors for extreme environmental applications

Mohan Wang et al.

Summary: This paper discusses the precision inscription of nanogratings in silica fiber cores using femtosecond lasers for device fabrication and sensing applications in extreme environmental conditions. The high-temperature stable and low insertion loss sensors were continuously inscribed point by point, showing stable and distributed temperature measurements in extreme radiation environments. The femtosecond-laser-fabricated fiber sensors have been proven suitable measurement devices for applications in extreme environments.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXTREME MANUFACTURING (2021)

Article Engineering, Manufacturing

Encryption/decryption and microtarget capturing by pH-driven Janus microstructures fabricated by the same femtosecond laser printing parameters

Zhaoxin Lao et al.

Summary: This study presents a simple and flexible method to produce pH-sensitive Janus microactuators from a single material using laser printing, enabling reversible structural deformations and fast responses. The high flexibility of laser printing technique allows for the control of pillar heights and bending directions of microactuators, leading to various switchable ordered patterns and complex structures. The potential applications of this method in information encryption/decryption and microtarget capturing are also explored.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXTREME MANUFACTURING (2021)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Reversible data encryption-decryption using a pH stimuli-responsive hydrogel

Hongjing Wen et al.

Summary: In this work, a reversible data encryption-decryption technique based on a pH-responsive hydrogel is reported, where the pH channel is employed for data manipulation. Encoding of data is achieved by pre-doping the hydrogel with silver ions and directly writing and patterning silver nanodots on the hydrogel platform. The reversible sub-diffraction limit data encryption is accomplished by selectively imposing acid and alkali stimulations, offering a potential solution for optical storage, multiplexed data manipulation, and optical data security.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Harnessing the Power of Stimuli-Responsive Polymers for Actuation

Liang Hu et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2020)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Four-dimensional direct laser writing of reconfigurable compound micromachines

Dongdong Jin et al.

MATERIALS TODAY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Botanical-Inspired 4D Printing of Hydrogel at the Microscale

Yanlei Hu et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

4D Printing of a Light-Driven Soft Actuator with Programmed Printing Density

Akihiro Nishiguchi et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Sperm Micromotors for Cargo Delivery through Flowing Blood

Haifeng Xu et al.

ACS NANO (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Rapid Assembly of Small Materials Building Blocks (Voxels) into Large Functional 3D Metamaterials

Vincent Hahn et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Magnetic Shape Memory Polymers with Integrated Multifunctional Shape Manipulation

Qiji Ze et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2020)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Superhydrophobicity-memory surfaces prepared by a femtosecond laser

Xue Bai et al.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2020)

Article Optics

Laser printing controllable photonic-molecule microcavities

Mu-Tian Li et al.

OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Light-driven micron-scale 3D hydrogel actuator produced by two-photon polymerization microfabrication

Chenglin Zheng et al.

SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Four-dimensional micro-building blocks

T-Y Huang et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Magnetic Micromotors for Multiple Motile Sperm Cells Capture, Transport, and Enzymatic Release

Haifeng Xu et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Electrically-tunable positioning of topological defects in liquid crystals

John J. Sandford O'Neill et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Microscale Polarization Color Pixels from Liquid Crystal Elastomers

Yubing Guo et al.

ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Magnetically Powered Biodegradable Microswimmers

Ho Cheung Michael Sun et al.

MICROMACHINES (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Multi-responsive hydrogel structures from patterned droplet networks

Florence G. Downs et al.

NATURE CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

3D Microstructures of Liquid Crystal Networks with Programmed Voxelated Director Fields

Yubing Guo et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A Click Chemistry Strategy for the Synthesis of Efficient Photoinitiators for Two-Photon Polymerization

Irene Henning et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2020)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Shape morphing smart 3D actuator materials for micro soft robot

Hyun Kim et al.

MATERIALS TODAY (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Femtosecond laser programmed artificial musculoskeletal systems

Zhuo-Chen Ma et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Tunable photonic devices by 3D laser printing of liquid crystal elastomers

Simon Woska et al.

OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mechanical stimulation of single cells by reversible host-guest interactions in 3D microscaffolds

Marc Hippler et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mechanically interlocked 3D multi-material micromachines

C. C. J. Alcantara et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Optics

Direct laser writing of volumetric gradient index lenses and waveguides

Christian R. Ocier et al.

LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Ingenious humidity-powered micro-worm with asymmetric biped from single hydrogel

Xiang-Chao Sun et al.

SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL (2020)

Article Automation & Control Systems

Encoding Smart Microjoints for Microcrawlers with Enhanced Locomotion

Qianying Chen et al.

ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Mechano-responsive colour change of laser-induced periodic surface structures

Stephan Graef et al.

APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE (2019)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Development of Direct-Laser-Printable Light-Powered Nanocomposites

Ling Chen et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Conical Hollow Microhelices with Superior Swimming Capabilities for Targeted Cargo Delivery

Chen Xin et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2019)

Article Physics, Applied

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