Non-spinal low back pain: Global epidemiology, trends, and risk factors

Background and AimsLow back pain (LBP) is one of the most debilitating and prevalent disorders. The prevalence of LBP ranges from 30% to 80%, depending on the population, and increases with age. Causes of LBP are typically classified as spinal and non-spinal. The main goal of this study was to investigate the non-spinal causes of LBP, since neglecting these factors leads to increases in the financial, psychological, and physical burden of LBP on individuals as well as on society.MethodsThe data were extracted after searching the PubMed database and Google Scholar search engine up to October 27, 2021. We included all studies that were conducted on a human population and assessed the effects of epidemiological, biological, psychological, and sociodemographic factors on the incidence or progression of LBP.ResultsThe most common causes of non-spinal LBP were diseases such as nephrolithiasis, endometriosis, tumors, fibromyalgia, and conditions like psychological disorders and pregnancy. Nevertheless, the perceived intensity of the pain can be affected by factors such as socioeconomic level, genetics, age, habits, diet, and psychological status.ConclusionThe epidemiology, etiologies, and risk factors associated with LBP should be more clearly recognized to better prevent, diagnose, and treat the underlying disease and to reduce the burden of LBP. Low back pain (LBP) is a highly prevalent and incapacitating condition, affecting a significant portion of the population.LBP can arise from various sources, categorized as spinal and non-spinal causes.There are several non-spinal causes of back pain, including conditions like nephrolithiasis, endometriosis, tumors, fibromyalgia, psychological disorders, and pregnancy.

Automated summary

This study aimed to investigate the non-spinal causes of low back pain (LBP) to reduce the burden it poses on individuals and society. Non-spinal causes of LBP include diseases such as kidney stones, endometriosis, tumors, fibromyalgia, as well as psychological disorders and pregnancy. Various factors such as socioeconomic level, genetics, age, habits, diet, and psychological status can impact the perceived intensity of LBP.