期刊
JOURNAL OF THE ENDOCRINE SOCIETY
卷 7, 期 12, 页码 -出版社
ENDOCRINE SOC
DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad128
关键词
water immersion; hypoglycemia; cool water immersion; thermoneutral water immersion; type 1 diabetes mellitus; blood glucose
Deep neck immersion in cool water does not cause a change in blood glucose concentration in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus, but recovery from cool water leads to an increase in blood glucose, which may be partly due to a decrease in plasma insulin.
Context: It is unclear whether immersion in cool water, typical of many beaches, increases the concentration of blood glucose in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).Objective: To test the hypothesis in individuals with T1DM that immersion neck-deep in cool water (COOL) causes an increase in blood glucose concentration, but not exposure to thermoneutral water (THERMO) or thermoneutral air.Methods: Eight overnight-fasted participants with T1DM were exposed for 60 minutes on separate days to 3 experimental conditions: cool water (COOL, 23 degrees C); thermoneutral water (THERMO, 33.5 degrees C); or thermoneutral air (24 degrees C). They then recovered for 60 minutes on land at 24 degrees C. At time intervals, we measured: blood glucose and plasma insulin concentration, rate of carbohydrate and fat oxidation, skin and core temperature, subcutaneous blood flow, and shivering via electromyography.Results: There was no change in blood glucose concentration during the 3 experimental conditions (P > .05). During recovery after COOL, blood glucose increased (P < .05) but did not change in the other 2 conditions. The rate of carbohydrate oxidation during and early after COOL was higher than in the other 2 conditions (P < .05), and COOL led to a decrease in subcutaneous blood flow and the concentration of plasma insulin (P < .05).Conclusion: Cool or thermoneutral neck-deep immersion in water does not cause a change in the concentration of blood glucose in people with T1DM, but on-land recovery from COOL causes an increase in blood glucose that may be due, at least in part, to the accompanying decrease in plasma insulin.
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