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Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
F. Naseri et al.
Summary: Transportation electrification has seen advancements in battery technology and manufacturing, but faces challenges that can be overcome with digital twining. Digital twins utilize advanced models, AI, sensing units, IoT, and cloud computing to improve performance, safety, and cost-effectiveness of battery systems. Various studies have discussed applications and use cases for digital twins in battery management, testing, and the entire value chain. This comprehensive review examines potential use cases, enabling technologies, and requirements for battery digital twins, including electrical topics and software architectures.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ahmad Alzahrani et al.
Summary: The charging station plays a vital role in the electric vehicle sector by providing AC or DC power supply to vehicles based on their needs, and ensuring energy transfer and safety through software and hardware infrastructure. This study focuses on implementing communication between the charger controller and the battery management system using the CAN bus charger communication protocol based on the SAE J1939 standard. It integrates CAN bus and Modbus communication protocols and uses a cost-effective Arduino UNO micro-controller to establish communication between the charger and electric vehicle battery management system.
Review
Electrochemistry
A. K. M. Ahasan Habib et al.
Summary: Flexible, manageable, and efficient energy storage solutions have driven the demand for electric vehicles. The battery pack plays a crucial role in powering the driving motor of electric vehicles, requiring a deep understanding of its power density, longevity, electrochemical behavior, and temperature tolerance. Battery management systems are critical for electric vehicles and renewable energy storage, addressing voltage and current monitoring, charge and discharge estimation, thermal management, battery data storage, among others. This article explores concerns, challenges, and solutions related to battery management systems, shedding light on cell balancing circuit types, control reliability, power loss, size, cost, and their benefits and drawbacks. Furthermore, it highlights the need for additional research to overcome obstacles and optimize battery management systems for electric vehicles and renewable energy storage.
Review
Electrochemistry
Long Zhou et al.
Summary: This paper comprehensively reviews the research status, technical challenges, and development trends of state estimation of lithium-ion batteries, which is a core function in the battery management system. It summarizes the key issues and technical challenges in battery state estimation and provides a deep analysis of these challenges. The paper also reviews the joint estimation methods for four typical battery states and proposes feasible estimation frameworks. Furthermore, it discusses the prospect of state estimation development and the influence of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and cloud networking.
Article
Thermodynamics
Sinan Gocmen et al.
Summary: This study compared the effects of three different methods (natural convection, forced convection, and tab cooling) on the thermal management of lithium-ion cells. The results showed that tab cooling had significant advantages in terms of thermal uniformity and solving the issue of battery degradation and temperature relationship. Forced air convection method stood out as the best option at the module level.
ASME JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Waqas Ahmad et al.
Summary: Cloud computing has revolutionized the way industries use, store, and share resources, providing a flexible architecture and comprehensive access. However, this rapid transition into the cloud has raised security concerns. The rapid development of deep learning in the field of artificial intelligence offers potential solutions to address security issues in cloud-based industrial applications.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Mujaheed Abdullahi et al.
Summary: This study presents a systematic literature review on the use of AI methods to detect cybersecurity attacks in the IoT environment. The review includes an investigation of the most trending AI techniques in cybersecurity and their effectiveness in detecting attacks. It also provides insights into the AI roadmap for threat detection and recommendations for future investigations.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Jay Johnson et al.
Summary: The global growth of electric vehicles has led to the installation of more electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), which has exposed vulnerabilities in these devices and their associated cloud services. These vulnerabilities could potentially allow attackers to gain control and cause disruptions ranging from localized to national scale. However, there are established cybersecurity best practices that can be applied to secure EVSE equipment.
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Tomas Kulik et al.
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive overview of the application of formal methods in cyber security and safety-critical systems. It introduces solutions in theorem proving, model checking, and lightweight formal methods, and analyzes trends in each category from the perspective of formal methods practitioners and researchers.
FORMAL ASPECTS OF COMPUTING
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Farshid Naseri et al.
Summary: This article introduces an efficient modeling approach based on the Wiener structure to enhance the capacity of classical equivalent circuit models in capturing the nonlinearities of Li-ion batteries. The proposed method combines a linear ECM with a static output nonlinearity block to achieve superior nonlinear mapping property while maintaining real-time efficiency. The observability of the battery model is analytically proven, and an efficient parameter estimator is introduced for real-time estimation of the Wiener model's parameters.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
F. Naseri et al.
Summary: Recent advances in energy storage systems have accelerated the development of electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. Supercapacitors have gained interest due to their unique features, but managing hundreds of high-capacity cells poses challenges in terms of uniformity and durability. This paper provides an overview of Supercapacitor Management Systems (SMSs) and their key requirements, filling the gaps in the existing international standards. The survey covers modeling, estimation, control, and protection aspects of supercapacitors, and also reviews their vehicular applications.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Computer Science, Information Systems
Usman Inayat et al.
Summary: This article discusses the IoT system and its security issues, focusing on the application of learning-based methods in detecting network attacks in IoT systems. By integrating existing literature, a comprehensive overview of the developments in this field is provided, along with future research directions.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Zahra Kazemi et al.
Summary: This article proposes an efficient method for finite-time secure dynamic state estimation in cyber-physical systems, which is achieved by utilizing local finite-time state estimators and an effective detection algorithm to estimate and localize the states of CPS under unknown inputs and cyber-attacks.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN CYBERNETICS-SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Isaias Gonzalez et al.
Summary: This paper presents a monitoring system for visualizing the operation of a Lithium-ion Battery (LiB), using Internet of Things (IoT) technology for data acquisition and analysis. The feasibility and successful performance of the system are demonstrated through experimental data.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Review
Computer Science, Information Systems
Gopal Krishna et al.
Summary: This study discusses the importance of digital technologies in enhancing battery management systems, such as WSN, IoT, AI, cloud computing, etc., and proposes significant recommendations like AI-based edge computing devices, customized IoT devices, hybrid AI models, and ML-based computing.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Mohan Bharathidasan et al.
Summary: The energy transition is a crucial effort to achieve a carbon-neutral and sustainable civilization. The integration of electric vehicles powered by renewable energy sources is an effective option for combating climate change and advancing the energy transition.
Article
Energy & Fuels
F. Naseri et al.
Summary: The design of the electric vehicle battery pack requires considering various factors, such as driving range and acceleration. A hybridized battery pack consisting of high-energy and high-power battery cells can meet a wider range of customer requirements. This paper proposes an effective framework for optimizing the size of such hybridized battery packs, and the results show that the hybrid pack can improve both lifetime and charge power requirements compared to mono battery systems.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Laurynas Ubys et al.
Summary: Current trends of digitalization in industrial control systems require secure communication and device authentication. This paper presents a prototype of a pluggable key management device that utilizes VDM to analyze network traffic and ensure system security.
FORMAL ASPECTS OF COMPONENT SOFTWARE (FACS 2022)
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Foad H. Gandoman et al.
Summary: The performance, reliability, and control of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries used in electric vehicles (EVs) are challenging due to their nonlinear features. The battery management system (BMS) plays a crucial role in monitoring, handling, and improving the lifespan and reliability of Li-ion batteries. This article investigates the definition and methods of state of health (SoH) and state of charge (SoC) of BMS, as well as battery fault detection methods, to assess and improve the reliability of the system. Additionally, the article examines the impact of ambient temperature on the open-circuit voltage (OCV) behavior of the battery at different SoC levels.
Proceedings Paper
Energy & Fuels
Erdem Gumrukcu et al.
Summary: The increasing adoption of electric vehicles and charging stations highlights the importance of effective charging coordination. However, the widespread use of smart EV chargers and charging coordination solutions also brings the risk of cyberattacks, which can result in significant operational problems. This study investigates the impacts of false data injection and hijacking attacks on EV charging coordination in case of a single point of failure, highlighting the potential negative consequences.
2022 IEEE 4TH GLOBAL POWER, ENERGY AND COMMUNICATION CONFERENCE (IEEE GPECOM2022)
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Cristina Alcaraz et al.
Summary: Industry 4.0 is positively impacting the value chain through the use of digital twin technology, but it also brings security threats that need to be studied and addressed. This paper analyzes the current state of the digital twin paradigm, classifies potential threats, and provides security recommendations to ensure its appropriate and trustworthy use.
IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS AND TUTORIALS
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Satadru Dey et al.
Summary: This article addresses the cybersecurity challenges associated with the large scale deployment of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) by exploring control-oriented approaches. Two algorithms for detecting cyberattacks on PEV battery packs during charging are discussed, including a static detector and a dynamic detector. A filter-based design approach for the dynamic detector is proposed to consider stability, robustness, and attack sensitivity as multiobjective criteria. Theoretical analysis and simulation studies show the effectiveness of the algorithms in detecting denial-of-charging (DoC) and overcharging attacks, indicating the superiority of the dynamic detector.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Marco Pasetti et al.
Summary: With the increase in the number of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs), concerns about possible cyber-attacks on these systems are also rising. This paper demonstrates a stealth attack on BESSs using a Man-in-the-Middle approach, which can degrade system performance, cause economic losses for users, and impact the security and stability of the grid. Strategies to prevent or detect such attacks are discussed.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Lulu Guo et al.
Summary: This article introduces a systematic approach to evaluating cyber-physical security on energy management systems for connected and automated electric vehicles, with a focus on impact analysis of cyber attacks. The proposed evaluation metrics provide insights into the effects of attacks on ECUs, with specific security criteria in terms of dynamic performance, comfort, and energy. The conclusions drawn from statistical analysis can help guide strategies for attack detection, diagnosis, and countermeasures.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Alasdair J. Crawford et al.
Summary: The pseudo-2D model using COMSOL Multiphysics software simulates performance degradation of Li-ion batteries under peak shaving grid service, considering multiple degradation pathways. There is good agreement among the global model, individual chemistry models, and the 0D model for various optimization parameters. These models accurately predict battery degradation and provide insights for developing an efficient battery management system.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Anuj Sanghvi et al.
Summary: This paper introduces a co-simulation platform for analyzing the cyber vulnerability of EV charging infrastructure and discussing its dependencies on communications and control systems, as well as the impact scenarios on the grid. It demonstrates an adaptive platform for predicting and solving evolving cybersecurity challenges through cyber-energy emulation to accelerate the analysis of cyberattacks and system behavior.
2021 IEEE TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION CONFERENCE & EXPO (ITEC)
(2021)
Proceedings Paper
Energy & Fuels
Narayan Bhusal et al.
Summary: In concept, a smart charging management system (SCMS) optimizes charging of plug-in vehicles and provides various grid services, but is susceptible to cyber and physical threats. This paper discusses SCMS concept, reviews cybersecurity aspects of EVSEs and SCMSs, and identifies research gaps and vulnerabilities in currently available SCMS technologies.
2020 52ND NORTH AMERICAN POWER SYMPOSIUM (NAPS)
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Nina Kharlamova et al.
Summary: Battery energy storage systems (BESS) are crucial in modern power systems for integrating renewable energy sources, but are vulnerable to cyber threats. A comprehensive review on design requirements and attack detection methods is still lacking, emphasizing the need for a cyber defense strategy to ensure secure operation of BESS.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Weihan Li et al.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2020)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yujie Wang et al.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2020)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Zahra Kazemi et al.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS
(2020)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Nina Kharlamova et al.
2020 IEEE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING (AIKE 2020)
(2020)
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Zahra Kazemi et al.
IET CONTROL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
(2020)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Gomanth Bere et al.
2020 IEEE TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION CONFERENCE & EXPO (ITEC)
(2020)
Review
Computer Science, Information Systems
Ashwin Chandwani et al.
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Samrat Acharya et al.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID
(2020)
Review
Computer Science, Information Systems
In Lee
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Samrat Acharya et al.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Naram Mhaisen et al.
ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2019)
Proceedings Paper
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Raju Gottumukkala et al.
2019 IEEE GREEN TECHNOLOGIES CONFERENCE (GREENTECH)
(2019)
Proceedings Paper
Business
Asadullah Khalid et al.
2019 IEEE TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE (TEMSCON)
(2019)
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Energy & Fuels
Yongwan Park et al.
2019 IEEE CYBERPELS (CYBERPELS)
(2019)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Information Systems
Peter W. V. Tran-Jorgensen et al.
17TH ACM-IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FORMAL METHODS AND MODELS FOR SYSTEM DESIGN (MEMOCODE)
(2019)
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Mahmoud Hashem Eiza et al.
IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE
(2017)
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Jun Xu et al.
Review
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JOURNAL OF NETWORK AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
(2013)
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Yinjiao Xing et al.