Heart Rate Variability Code: Does It Exist and Can We Hack It?

Letter Obstetrics & Gynecology

Fetal heart rate variability: An ocean of meanings beyond ups and downs

Martin G. Frasch

BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY (2023)

Editorial Material Neurosciences

Interoception: Probing internal state is inherent to perception and cognition

Catherine Tallon-Baudry

Summary: Interoception, the perception of physiological state, helps to understand the connection between internal state, neural activity, and behavior.

NEURON (2023)

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Article Biology

Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Neuro-Immunometabolic Hypothesis of the Developmental Origins

Martin G. Frasch et al.

Summary: According to CDC data, ASD was diagnosed in one of every 36 children in the US in 2020. A model explaining the etiology of ASD based on common gene network features involving glial and neuronal cells during fetal development is proposed, with implications for understanding the causes of ASD, early detection, and new treatments. Fetal neuroinflammation and prenatal stress may contribute to lifelong neurological disabilities. Through genomic data analysis and statistical network analysis, the study supports the hypothesis of glial-neuronal interplay in ASD and discusses its implications for etiology, early detection, and therapeutic approaches. The proposed model is of interest for ASD research, treatment development, prevention, and policy-making.

BIOLOGY-BASEL (2023)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Fetal heart rate variability is a biomarker of rapid but not progressive exacerbation of inflammation in preterm fetal sheep

Shoichi Magawa et al.

Summary: Perinatal infection/inflammation can lead to preterm birth and neurodevelopmental disability. This study investigates the potential of time, frequency, and non-linear measures of fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) in identifying infection/inflammation. The findings suggest that FHRV may serve as a useful biomarker for rapid infection/inflammation, but not for progressive infection/inflammation.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2022)

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Article Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications

Sampling rate and heart rate variability: On metrics and health outcomes

M. G. Frasch

Summary: Sampling rate has an impact on the quality of HRV estimates. This article systematically examines the sensitivity of different HRV metrics to sampling rate errors and proposes a methodology for comprehensive validation of the effect of sampling rate on HRV.

JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS (2022)

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Editorial Material Immunology

Heart Rate as a Non-Invasive Biomarker of Inflammation: Implications for Digital Health

Martin G. Frasch

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Inter-individual variation in objective measure of reactogenicity following COVID-19 vaccination via smartwatches and fitness bands

Giorgio Quer et al.

Summary: The ability to track physiological changes in individuals after vaccination using wearable devices can provide objective evidence of vaccine-induced immune response. Preliminary findings show that resting heart rate increases after vaccination in most individuals and returns to normal within days. Vaccine dosage, gender, and age may also affect the physiological response.

NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Editorial Material Biology

In sync with the heart

Aleksandra M. Herman

Summary: People actively adjust how they acquire sensory information based on changes in their bodily functions.

ELIFE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

VitalDB, a high-fidelity multi-parameter vital signs database in surgical patients

Hyung-Chul Lee et al.

Summary: In modern anesthesia, multiple medical devices are used to monitor real-time vital signs for optimal patient care. However, interpreting the dynamic changes and correlations of biosignals is challenging. Advanced machine learning technologies have shown promise in biosignal analysis, but progress in this area is hindered by the lack of biosignal datasets. The VitalDB dataset, an open resource, provides high-resolution multi-parameter data from surgical patients for machine learning studies.

SCIENTIFIC DATA (2022)

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Article Computer Science, Information Systems

IR-UWB Radar-Based Robust Heart Rate Detection Using a Deep Learning Technique Intended for Vehicular Applications

Faheem Khan et al.

Summary: This paper presents a robust heart rate detection method for in-car monitoring of people. The proposed method tackles the challenges of separating the human heart signal from breathing harmonics and mitigating interference from random body motions. A novel algorithm based on time series data and a deep learning classifier are utilized to achieve accurate heart rate detection. The results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional frequency domain technique.

ELECTRONICS (2022)

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Article Biology

Active tactile discrimination is coupled with and modulated by the cardiac cycle

Alejandro Galvez-Pol et al.

Summary: Perception and cognition are modulated by the phase of the cardiac signal. The duration of touch varies with the cardiac phase, with touches initiated in the systole phase lasting longer than those initiated in the diastole phase. Active sensing is adjusted to the internal bodily cycles.

ELIFE (2022)

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Article Physiology

Radar-based remote physiological sensing: Progress, challenges, and opportunities

Shekh Md Mahmudul Islam

Summary: Modern microwave Doppler radar-based physiological sensing technology plays an important role in healthcare applications. It can extract vital sign parameters such as respiration and heartbeat by detecting tiny movements on the surface of the chest, providing contactless and unobtrusive monitoring advantages. This technology has been widely used in monitoring sleep apnea, sudden infant death syndromes, burn victims, and COVID patients, with great potential.

FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Comprehensive HRV estimation pipeline in Python using Neurokit2: Application to sleep physiology

Martin G. Frasch

Summary: NeuroKit2 is a Python Toolbox for Neurophysiological Signal Processing that simplifies and automates the computation of various mathematical estimates of heart rate variability (HRV) or similar time series. It can handle different types of input data and provides 124 HRV measures, including the estimation of temporal fluctuations of the HRV estimates themselves. The methodology is demonstrated in a sleep dataset, showcasing its potential applications in studying the dynamic relationships between sleep state architecture and multi-dimensional HRV metrics.

METHODSX (2022)

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Article Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications

Insufficient sampling frequencies skew heart rate variability estimates: Implications for extracting heart rate metrics from neuroimaging and physiological data

Joel S. Burma et al.

Summary: This study investigated the impact of sampling frequency on the validity and reliability of deriving cardiac metrics. Results showed that downsampling frequencies of >= 50 and >= 90 Hz produced highly robust measures, while lower frequencies resulted in wider variability and less accuracy. Further research is needed to determine the minimum sampling frequency required for obtaining valid heart rate and HRV metrics from pulsatile waveforms.

JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS (2021)

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Article Pediatrics

Fetal Cardiovascular Decompensation During Labor Predicted From the Individual Heart Rate Tracing: A Machine Learning Approach in Near-Term Fetal Sheep Model

Nathan Gold et al.

Summary: This study aimed to predict the individual timing of cardiovascular decompensation in fetuses using RMSSD data. Results showed that RMSSD values were highly non-stationary and could accurately identify individual time points of cardiovascular decompensation, despite some false alarms at a 4 Hz sampling rate.

FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS (2021)

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Article Pediatrics

Distance to Healthy Metabolic and Cardiovascular Dynamics From Fetal Heart Rate Scale-Dependent Features in Pregnant Sheep Model of Human Labor Predicts the Evolution of Acidemia and Cardiovascular Decompensation

Stephane G. Roux et al.

Summary: This study aims to investigate the relationship between fetal heart rate (FHR) temporal dynamics and fetal health, using sheep fetuses as an animal model. The results show that FHR variability features are sensitive for early detection of cardiovascular decompensation, correlated with metabolites and pH, helpful for early acidosis detection. The importance of coarse time scales (2.5-8 s) in FHR dynamics and the introduction of a new self-referencing metric for predicting the occurrence of clinically significant degradation of fetal health reserve are highlighted.

FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Wearable sensor data and self-reported symptoms for COVID-19 detection

Giorgio Quer et al.

Summary: The study developed a smartphone app that combines smartwatch and activity tracker data to monitor COVID-19 infection continuously. The combination of symptom and sensor data showed better performance in distinguishing COVID-19 positive from negative cases compared to models that consider symptoms alone. This suggests that passive data collection from personal sensors may complement virus testing methods.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Behavioral Sciences

Non-invasive biomarkers of fetal brain development reflecting prenatal stress: An integrative multi-scale multi-species perspective on data collection and analysis

Martin G. Frasch et al.

NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Physiology

Age differences in cardiac autonomic regulation during intermittent exercise in the heat

Antonia Kaltsatou et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

First evidence that intrinsic fetal heart rate variability exists and is affected by hypoxic pregnancy

Martin G. Frasch et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Heart-brain interactions shape somatosensory perception and evoked potentials

Esra Al et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2020)

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Review Cell Biology

Impact of Chronic Fetal Hypoxia and Inflammation on Cardiac Pacemaker Cell Development

Martin G. Frasch et al.

CELLS (2020)

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Letter Physiology

Letter to the Editor: Mind the gap: epistemology of heart rate variability

Martin G. Frasch

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medical Informatics

Harnessing wearable device data to improve state-level real-time surveillance of influenza-like illness in the USA: a population-based study

Jennifer M. Radin et al.

LANCET DIGITAL HEALTH (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Resting-State Neural Firing Rate Is Linked to Cardiac-Cycle Duration in the Human Cingulate and Parahippocampal Cortices

Kayeon Kim et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Noninvasive sub-organ ultrasound stimulation for targeted neuromodulation

Victoria Cotero et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

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Article Biophysics

Vagal contributions to fetal heart rate variability: an omics approach

Christophe L. Herry et al.

PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

Evaluation of a Commercial Ballistocardiography Sensor for Sleep Apnea Screening and Sleep Monitoring

Dorien Huysmans et al.

SENSORS (2019)

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Article Psychology, Biological

Autonomic response in autism spectrum disorder: Relationship to social and cognitive functioning

Michelle A. Patriquin et al.

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY (2019)

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Review Cell Biology

Neuroimmune Interactions in the Gut and Their Significance for Intestinal Immunity

David J. Brinkman et al.

CELLS (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Unexpected sawtooth artifact in beat-to-beat pulse transit time measured from patient monitor data

Yu-Ting Lin et al.

PLOS ONE (2019)

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Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

High-Accuracy Heart Rate Variability Monitoring Using Doppler Radar Based on Gaussian Pulse Train Modeling and FTPR Algorithm

Mehrdad Nosrati et al.

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES (2018)

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Editorial Material Neurosciences

Saving the brain one heartbeat at a time

Martin G. Frasch

JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The effects of intensified training on resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition and performance in trained cyclists

Amy L. Woods et al.

PLOS ONE (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Identification of cytokine-specific sensory neural signals by decoding murine vagus nerve activity

Theodoros P. Zanos et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Zika virus infection in pregnant rhesus macaques causes placental dysfunction and immunopathology

Alec J. Hirsch et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

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Article Physiology

A Doubly Stochastic Change Point Detection Algorithm for Noisy Biological Signals

Nathan Gold et al.

FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Radar-Based Heart Sound Detection

Christoph Will et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2018)

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Article Physiology

Correcting the Activity-Specific Component of Heart Rate Variability Using Dynamic Body Acceleration Under Free-Moving Conditions

Kazato Oishi et al.

FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY (2018)

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Review Physiology

Improving pregnancy outcomes in humans through studies in sheep

Janna L. Morrison et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

The Role of Heart-Rate Variability Parameters in Activity Recognition and Energy-Expenditure Estimation Using Wearable Sensors

Heesu Park et al.

SENSORS (2017)

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Review Psychology, Multidisciplinary

Heart Rate Variability and Cardiac Vagal Tone in Psychophysiological Research - Recommendations for Experiment Planning, Data Analysis, and Data Reporting

Sylvain Laborde et al.

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY (2017)

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Article Immunology

Decreased neuroinflammation correlates to higher vagus nerve activity fluctuations in near-term ovine fetuses: a case for the afferent cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway?

M. G. Frasch et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION (2016)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Can Monitoring Fetal Intestinal Inflammation Using Heart Rate Variability Analysis Signal Incipient Necrotizing Enterocolitis of the Neonate?

Hai Lun Liu et al.

PEDIATRIC CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Temporal Patterns in Sheep Fetal Heart Rate Variability Correlate to Systemic Cytokine Inflammatory Response: A Methodological Exploration of Monitoring Potential Using Complex Signals Bioinformatics

Christophe L. Herry et al.

PLOS ONE (2016)

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Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

The details of disease

Cathryn M. Delude

NATURE (2015)

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Article Biophysics

Sampling frequency of fetal heart rate impacts the ability to predict pH and BE at birth: a retrospective multi-cohort study

Xuan Li et al.

PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT (2015)

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Article Biophysics

Does heart rate variability reflect the systemic inflammatory response in a fetal sheep model of lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis?

Lucien D. Durosier et al.

PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT (2015)

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Article Physiology

Heart rate variability during exertional heat stress: effects of heat production and treatment

Andreas D. Flouris et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY (2014)

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Article Anesthesiology

Complex signals bioinformatics: evaluation of heart rate characteristics monitoring as a novel risk marker for neonatal sepsis

Douglas E. Lake et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MONITORING AND COMPUTING (2014)

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Article Pediatrics

Sampling rate of heart rate variability impacts the ability to detect acidemia in ovine fetuses near-term

L. Daniel Durosier et al.

FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS (2014)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Statistical Mechanics of Pluripotency

Ben D. MacArthur et al.

CELL (2013)

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Review Immunology

Rethinking inflammation: neural circuits in the regulation of immunity

Peder S. Olofsson et al.

IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2012)

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Review Engineering, Biomedical

Review and classification of variability analysis techniques with clinical applications

Andrea Bravi et al.

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ONLINE (2011)

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Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mapping the immunological homunculus

Betty Diamond et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2011)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Acetylcholine-Synthesizing T Cells Relay Neural Signals in a Vagus Nerve Circuit

Mauricio Rosas-Ballina et al.

SCIENCE (2011)

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Article Physics, Multidisciplinary

The tangled tale of phase space

David D. Nolte

PHYSICS TODAY (2010)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

The polyvagal theory: New insights into adaptive reactions of the autonomic nervous system

S. W. PORGES

CLEVELAND CLINIC JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2009)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

Claude Bernard and the heart-brain connection: Further elaboration of a model of neurovisceral integration

Julian F. Thayer et al.

NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS (2009)

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Review Biochemical Research Methods

What Is Stochastic Resonance? Definitions, Misconceptions, Debates, and Its Relevance to Biology

Mark D. McDonnell et al.

PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY (2009)

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Article Immunology

Relationship between heart rate variability, interleukin-6, and soluble tissue factor in healthy subjects

Roland von Kaenel et al.

BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY (2008)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

The relationship between heart rate variability and inflammatory markers in cardiovascular diseases

Alexander Haensel et al.

PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY (2008)

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Article Neurosciences

Fetal body weight and the development of the control of the cardiovascular system in fetal sheep

M. G. Frasch et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON (2007)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Physiology and immunology of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway

Kevin J. Tracey

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2007)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Relation of heart rate variability to serum levels of C-reactive protein in patients with unstable angina pectoris

GA Lanza et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY (2006)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Cerebral blood flow changes during vagus nerve stimulation for depression

CR Conway et al.

PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH-NEUROIMAGING (2006)

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Article Immunology

Nutritional stimulation of cholecystokinin receptors inhibits inflammation via the vagus nerve

MD Luyer et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2005)

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Review Psychology, Developmental

Vagal tone, development, and Gray's motivational theory: Toward an integrated model of autonomic nervous system functioning in psychopathology

T Beauchaine

DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY (2001)

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Article Neurosciences

Functional and chemical anatomy of the afferent vagal system

HR Berthoud et al.

AUTONOMIC NEUROSCIENCE-BASIC & CLINICAL (2000)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

PhysioBank, PhysioToolkit, and PhysioNet - Components of a new research resource for complex physiologic signals

AL Goldberger et al.

CIRCULATION (2000)

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Heart Rate Variability Code: Does It Exist and Can We Hack It?

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