Parthenogenesis (Virgin Birth): A Woman's Futile Attempt at Achieving Recognition

This article demonstrates how a contemporary British writer, Clare Chambers, in her novel Small Pleasures (2020), applies fourth-wave feminist notions when describing historical events from 1955-1956, namely an actual attempt to prove parthenogenesis (virgin birth) by scientific methods. Such an analysis reflects important social and cultural changes that have taken place in the last six decades regarding women's reproductive rights and autonomy, body image, and lesbianism. The paper shows that in contrast to the conservative and repressive postwar British society that viewed lesbianism and the idea of conception through parthenogenesis as a deviation from accepted norms, contemporary representations of the latter issues have undergone tremendous change. The paper also shows how Chambers insinuates a much more recent outlook on parthenogenesis often held by members of the lesbian community, particularly its members who belong to the separatist wing. This view includes both utopian and dystopian ideas. Finally, the role of sensational and tabloid journalism in influencing public opinion and, consequently, in shaping social and cultural constructs is described.

Automated summary

This article examines how Clare Chambers, a contemporary British writer, incorporates feminist ideas from the fourth wave in her novel Small Pleasures (2020) to depict the historical events of 1955-1956, which involve an actual attempt to prove parthenogenesis through scientific methods. The analysis highlights significant social and cultural changes that have occurred in the past six decades in relation to women's reproductive rights and autonomy, body image, and lesbianism. It demonstrates the shift from a conservative and repressive postwar British society that viewed lesbianism and the concept of parthenogenesis as deviating from accepted norms to the contemporary representations that have evolved over time. The article also explores Chambers' portrayal of the perspectives held by members, particularly separatists, within the lesbian community, which encompass both utopian and dystopian ideas. Additionally, it discusses the role of sensational and tabloid journalism in shaping public opinion and influencing social and cultural constructs.