期刊
NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
卷 104, 期 4, 页码 330-346出版社
KARGER
DOI: 10.1159/000450649
关键词
Melanocortin system; Metabolic disease; Obesity
资金
- NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD081792] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK020572] Funding Source: Medline
Obesity is increasing in prevalence across all sectors of society, and with it a constellation of associated ailments including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and eating disorders. The melanocortin system is a critical neural system underlying the control of body weight and other functions. Deficits in the melanocortin system may promote or exacerbate the comorbidities of obesity. This system has therefore generated great interest as a potential target for treatment of obesity. However, drugs targeting melanocortin receptors are plagued by problematic side effects, including undesirable increases in sympathetic nervous system activity, heart rate, and blood pressure. Circumnavigating this roadblock will require a clearer picture of the precise neural circuits that mediate the functions of melanocortins. Recent, novel experimental approaches have significantly advanced our understanding of these pathways. We here review the latest advances in our understanding of the role of melanocortins in food intake, reward pathways, blood pressure, glucose control, and energy expenditure. The evidence suggests that downstream melanocortin-responsive circuits responsible for different physiological actions do diverge. Ultimately, a more complete understanding of melanocortin pathways and their myriad roles should allow treatments tailored to the mix of metabolic disorders in the individual patient. (C) 2016 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel
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