Treatment-shortening regimens for tuberculosis: updates and future priorities

Article Microbiology

Whole-Genome Sequencing Has the Potential To Improve Treatment for Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in High-Burden Settings: a Retrospective Cohort Study

Helen Cox et al.

Summary: Treatment of multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis could be improved by using whole-genome sequencing to predict drug resistance and provide more effective individualized treatment regimens.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Assessment of epidemiological and genetic characteristics and clinical outcomes of resistance to bedaquiline in patients treated for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study

Nazir Ahmed Ismail et al.

Summary: Analysis of data from South Africa showed a high prevalence of bedaquiline resistance, mainly associated with previous exposure to bedaquiline or clofazimine, rifampicin-resistant or MDR tuberculosis. Development of resistance led to poorer treatment outcomes.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19's Devastating Effect on Tuberculosis Care - A Path to Recovery

Madhukar Pai et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Editorial Material Critical Care Medicine

Treatments of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Light at the End of the Tunnel

Christoph Lange et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

Emergence of bedaquiline resistance in a high tuberculosis burden country

Elena Chesov et al.

Summary: This study analyzed pre-existing and emerging bedaquiline resistance in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), as well as risk factors associated with treatment failure and death. The findings showed that bedaquiline-based MDR-TB treatment requires a functional background regimen to achieve high cure rates and prevent the evolution of bedaquiline resistance.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Drug resistant TB - latest developments in epidemiology, diagnostics and management

Simon Tiberi et al.

Summary: This review discusses the latest developments in epidemiology, diagnostics, and management of drug-resistant tuberculosis, highlighting the global health threat it poses and the importance of rapid detection and treatment.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Ancient and recent differences in the intrinsic susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex to pretomanid

Anna Bateson et al.

Summary: The study reveals ancient differences in susceptibility to pretomanid among different lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and recent emergence of resistance. The findings highlight the significance of considering global diversity of MTBC in clinical drug development and defining breakpoints for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Shorter Treatment for Nonsevere Tuberculosis in African and Indian Children

A. Turkova et al.

Summary: Four months of antituberculosis treatment was noninferior to 6 months of treatment in children with drug-susceptible, nonsevere, smear-negative tuberculosis.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

A 24-Week, All-Oral Regimen for Rifampin-Resistant Tuberculosis

Bern-Thomas Nyang'wa et al.

Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three all-oral regimens for the treatment of rifampin-resistant tuberculosis. The results showed that a 24-week all-oral regimen was noninferior to standard care and had fewer side effects.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Editorial Material Infectious Diseases

Balancing access to BPaLM regimens and risk of resistance

Annelies Van Rie et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Bedaquiline-Pretomanid-Linezolid Regimens for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Francesca Conradie et al.

Summary: The study enrolled 181 participants with 84% to 93% achieving favorable outcomes across all four bedaquiline-pretomanid-linezolid treatment groups, with the group receiving 600 mg of linezolid daily for 26 weeks reporting fewer adverse events.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Mutations in fbiD (Rv2983) as a Novel Determinant of Resistance to Pretomanid and Delamanid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Dalin Rifat et al.

Summary: Pretomanid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutants were selected in mouse models, with mutations mainly occurring in genes associated with nitroimidazole activation and resistance. Some mutants displayed hypersusceptibility to certain antibiotics and dyes found in culture media, indicating potential cross-resistance.

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY (2021)

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Editorial Material Infectious Diseases

UNITE4TB: a new consortium for clinical drug and regimen development for TB

M. J. Boeree et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Evaluating newly approved drugs for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (endTB): study protocol for an adaptive, multi-country randomized controlled trial

L. Guglielmetti et al.

Summary: The treatment of multidrug-resistant and rifampin-resistant tuberculosis remains challenging, with a need for shorter, safer, and more effective regimens. The endTB trial aims to provide better treatment options and explore the efficacy and safety of different treatment regimens.

TRIALS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Four-Month Rifapentine Regimens with or without Moxifloxacin for Tuberculosis

S. E. Dorman et al.

Summary: The study found that a 4-month rifapentine-based regimen containing moxifloxacin was noninferior to the standard 6-month regimen in the treatment of tuberculosis, supporting the noninferiority hypothesis. This regimen was effective in both the microbiologically eligible population and the assessable population.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal