Epoxy-based hybrid composites reinforced with Amazonian Tucuma endocarp and kaolin: A statistical approach to mechanical properties

Tucuma powder and white kaolin from the Amazon (Brazil) are incorporated into the epoxy polymer matrix to obtain a hybrid composite consisting of reduced petroleum-derived polymer (RPP). The amounts of Tucuma & SIM; and kaolin are defined to obtain composites with equivalent bulk density to the pristine epoxy polymer. A robust statistical design (DoE) is carried out to identify the effects of Tucuma & SIM; and kaolin contents on the compressive and tensile properties of the hybrid composites. The FTIR results show a proper interaction between the phases. Particle size analysis shows peaks from 0.6 to 290 & mu;m. Composites made up of 42% RPP, i.e., 40 wt.% Tucuma & SIM; and 2 wt.% kaolin, achieve greater compressive performance, leading to an increase in the elastic modulus (about 34%) and strength similar to that of the pristine polymer. In terms of tensile behaviour, composites of the 42% and 48% RPP class behave similarly in the elastic regime, with an increase of approximately 28% in tensile modulus. Tensile strength and toughness, however, are drastically reduced for ETK composites due to interfacial discontinuities and embrittlement effects. Tucuma & SIM;-kaolin composites are promising for sustainable advances in secondary structural applications.

Automated summary

Tucuma powder and white kaolin from the Amazon are mixed with epoxy polymer to create a hybrid composite with reduced petroleum content. The effects of Tucuma and kaolin content on the compressive and tensile properties of the composite are studied using statistical design and analysis. The results show that composites with 42% Tucuma and 2% kaolin have improved compressive performance and similar strength to the original polymer, while tensile strength and toughness are reduced due to interfacial discontinuities.