Heroes of diffusion: Making user innovations widely available

User innovations are often valuable to other people, but fail to diffuse because users lack incentives to do a dissemination effort. Past research recognized that users sometimes spur diffusion themselves, and that producers may search for and commercialize user innovations. In this study we identify a third type of actor who fills the void between initial solution and broad dissemination - without being a potential user or commercial diffuser himself. We document a case study at an academic hospital where workers created and institutionalized a system to support and disseminate user innovations developed by nurses. They proactively created a network with makerspace facilities, without being asked or instructed to do so. These workers fulfilled a disseminator role: they continued to develop user innovations to make adoption easy, explored commercial pathways, mobilized peer demand, and created favorable project conditions. Interestingly, the diffusion system was institutionalized by job crafting, securing budgets, embedding diffusion activities in the organization chart, and developing strategic relationships. Disseminators were motivated by self-actualization, enjoyment, reputation advancement, and altruism towards the nursing community; they strived to become 'heroes of diffusion'. We conclude that a disseminator role in-between user innovators, and peer adopters and commercial producers, represents an alternative mechanism for user innovations to spread widely, and opens opportunities for new research.

Automated summary

Research identifies a role of disseminators who support and spread user innovations by proactively creating networks, developing innovations for easy adoption, exploring commercial pathways, mobilizing peer demand, and creating favorable conditions. These disseminators institutionalize the diffusion system through job crafting, securing budgets, embedding diffusion activities, and developing strategic relationships. Motivated by self-actualization, enjoyment, reputation advancement, and altruism, they strive to become "heroes of diffusion". This alternative mechanism between user innovators, peer adopters, and commercial producers provides opportunities for wide spread of user innovations and new research.