4.7 Review

Recent Advances in Mechanisms Underlying Defense Responses of Horticultural Crops to Botrytis cinerea

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Article Plant Sciences

Fe deficiency-induced ethylene synthesis confers resistance to Botrytis cinerea

Cheng Kai Lu et al.

Summary: Iron deficiency enhances plant resistance to pathogens by inducing ethylene synthesis. The FIT-bHLH Ib module is responsible for activating the expression of ethylene synthesis-associated genes SAM1 and SAM2, thereby increasing resistance to Botrytis cinerea.

NEW PHYTOLOGIST (2023)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

SlBBX20 attenuates JA signalling and regulates resistance to Botrytis cinerea by inhibiting SlMED25 in tomato

Dan Luo et al.

Summary: The transcription factor SlBBX20 regulates resistance to Botrytis cinerea in tomato by modulating JA signalling. Overexpression of SlBBX20 suppresses the response to JA, while knockout of SlBBX20 enhances the JA response. SlBBX20 interacts with SlMED25 and inhibits the accumulation of the SlMED25 protein and transcription of JA-responsive genes. Besides improved resistance to B. cinerea, SlBBX20-KO plants also exhibit higher fruit yields. SlBBX20 is a potential target gene for developing elite crop varieties using gene editing technologies.

PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL (2023)

Article Plant Sciences

An unexpected role for tomato threonine deaminase 2 in host defense against bacterial infection

In-Cheol Yeo et al.

Summary: The hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) have opposing roles in plant defense against different pathogens. Threonine deaminase (TD) plays a role in JA responses by producing the Ile needed for the bioactive JA-Ile conjugate. This study shows that TD2 has a negative effect on defense against hemibiotrophic pathogens and a positive effect on defense against necrotrophic pathogens.

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (2023)

Article Plant Sciences

Rose WRKY13 promotes disease protection to Botrytis by enhancing cytokinin content and reducing abscisic acid signaling

Xintong Liu et al.

Summary: A pathogen-induced rose transcription factor regulates disease protection in rose petals by inhibiting cytokinin degradation and downregulating abscisic acid responses.

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (2023)

Article Plant Sciences

Nitrogen-mediated metabolic patterns of susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea infection in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) stems

Nathalie Lacrampe et al.

Summary: Severe N stress leads to an accumulation of C-based compounds but hinders the accumulation of N-based compounds needed for reducing the susceptibility of tomato stem to Botrytis cinerea.

PLANTA (2023)

Article Plant Sciences

SlMYB1 regulates the accumulation of lycopene, fruit shape, and resistance to Botrytis cinerea in tomato

Ziyi Yin et al.

Summary: The transcription factor SlMYB1 in tomato plants plays multiple roles in regulating lycopene synthesis, resistance to Botrytis cinerea, and fruit shape. It is essential for fruit quality control and stress tolerance.

HORTICULTURE RESEARCH (2023)

Article Plant Sciences

CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the polygalacturonase FaPG1 gene improves strawberry fruit firmness

Gloria Lopez-Casado et al.

Summary: In this study, the FaPG1 gene in strawberries was edited using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, resulting in firmer fruits with reduced softening. Minor changes were observed in other fruit quality traits. The edited fruits showed improved resistance to postharvest softening, transpirational water loss, and Botrytis cinerea infection.

HORTICULTURE RESEARCH (2023)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Comparative genomics analysis of WAK/WAKL family in Rosaceae identify candidate WAKs involved in the resistance to Botrytis cinerea

Zicheng Wang et al.

Summary: A total of 131 WAK/WAKL genes were identified in apple, peach, and strawberry, and 68 RcWAK/RcWAKL genes were compared in rose. The phylogenetic analysis divided the genes into five clades, with Clade II and Clade V enriched in JA signaling and abiotic stress, respectively. The WAK/WAKL genes experienced purifying selection, but 26 amino acid sites evolved under positive selection. Collinearity relationships were observed within and between crops, and four orthologous groups were identified. OG1 and OG4 genes were involved in plant-Botrytis cinerea interaction.

BMC GENOMICS (2023)

Article Plant Sciences

Functional characterization of MANNOSE-BINDING LECTIN 1, a G-type lectin gene family member, in response to fungal pathogens of strawberry

Lijing Ma et al.

Summary: FaMBL1 plays a role in the defense of strawberry plants against fungal pathogens. Overexpression of FaMBL1 in octoploid strawberries can reduce their susceptibility to anthracnose and grey mould. This study provides valuable insights into the defense mechanisms of strawberry plants and contributes to the understanding of their disease resistance.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY (2023)

Review Plant Sciences

Killing softly: a roadmap of Botrytis cinerea pathogenicity

Kai Bi et al.

Summary: Botrytis cinerea, a widespread plant pathogen causing gray mold disease, has been believed to mainly infect plants through the secretion of enzymes and toxins. However, recent studies have revealed a complex infection process governed by multiple factors. Although no plant exhibits complete resistance against B. cinerea, pattern-triggered plant immune responses have the potential to reduce disease progression, offering new avenues for developing B. cinerea-tolerant plants. This review examines current B. cinerea infection models, identifies knowledge gaps, and suggests future research directions.

TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2023)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Suppression of ETI by PTI priming to balance plant growth and defense through an MPK3/MPK6-WRKYs-PP2Cs module

Dacheng Wang et al.

Summary: In this study, the researchers found that flg22 priming attenuates Pseudomonas syringae pv. to-mato DC3000 (Pst) AvrRpt2-induced hypersensitive cell death, resistance, and biomass reduction. They also discovered that MPK3 and MPK6 interact with and phosphorylate the downstream transcription factor WRKY18, which regulates the expression of genes encoding protein phosphatases. Furthermore, they observed that the PTI-suppressed ETI-triggered cell death and growth retardation are significantly attenuated in mutant plants lacking WRKY18 and genes encoding protein phosphatases.

MOLECULAR PLANT (2023)

Article Agronomy

Dipicolinic acid enhances kiwifruit resistance to Botrytis cinerea by promoting phenolics accumulation

Su-Yan Wang et al.

Summary: In this study, it was found that dipicolinic acid (DPA) can enhance kiwifruit resistance to Botrytis cinerea by increasing its antioxidant capacity and inducing the accumulation of antifungal phenolics. DPA also activates several defense genes in kiwifruit. Moreover, DPA at a concentration of 5 mM exhibits better antifungal effects on kiwifruit than commercial fungicides.

PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (2023)

Article Plant Sciences

The MADS-box protein SlTAGL1 regulates a ripening-associated SlDQD/SDH2 involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and resistance against Botrytis cinerea in post-harvest tomato fruit

Ruochen Wang et al.

Summary: In this study, a ripening-associated gene, SlDQD/SDH2, was identified in tomato fruit and found to play a key role in shikimate and flavonoid metabolism. Overexpression of this gene increased the content of shikimate and flavonoids, while knockout of this gene resulted in a significant decrease in shikimate and flavonoid content. Furthermore, SlDQD/SDH2 was shown to confer resistance against Botrytis cinerea attack in post-harvest tomato fruit.

PLANT JOURNAL (2023)

Article Plant Sciences

Ubiquitylation of PHYTOSULFOKINE RECEPTOR 1 modulates the defense response in tomato

Zhangjian Hu et al.

Summary: Tomato Phytosulfokine (PSK) triggers defense response against Botrytis cinerea by inhibiting plant U-box E3 ligase-mediated ubiquitylation of PHYTOSULFOKINE RECEPTOR 1 (PSKR1).

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (2023)

Article Plant Sciences

β-1,3-GLUCANASE10 regulates tomato development and disease resistance by modulating callose deposition

Yangang Pei et al.

Summary: beta-1,3-glucanase encoding gene SlBG10 plays a crucial role in tomato fruit set, early seed development, and fruit quality maintenance by regulating callose deposition.

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (2023)

Article Plant Sciences

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated phospholipase C 2 knock-out tomato plants are more resistant to Botrytis cinerea

Enzo A. Perk et al.

Summary: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Phospholipase C2 gene in tomato plants enhances resistance to Botrytis cinerea, reducing ROS production and affecting JA and SA response marker genes. This study demonstrates the potential of genome-editing technologies as an alternative to traditional breeding for crop improvement.

PLANTA (2023)

Article Agronomy

Involvement of a receptor-like kinase complex of FvFLS2 and FvBAK1 in brassinosteroids-induced immunity in postharvest strawberry fruit

Chunhong Li et al.

Summary: Plants sense conserved pathogen-derived features through pattern-recognition receptors, and activate immune responses against microbial invaders. FvBAK1, a receptor-like kinase in strawberry, is rapidly induced by the plant hormone brassinosteroid and plays a crucial role in providing immunity against the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. FvBAK1 interacts with FvFLS2 and FvBIK1, linking the pathogen-derived receptor complex to downstream intracellular signaling pathways.

POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY (2023)

Article Plant Sciences

Tomato LysM receptor kinase 4 mediates chitin-elicited fungal resistance in both leaves and fruit

Yingfei Ai et al.

Summary: Mutation of SlLYK4 and SlCERK1 in tomato leads to decreased fungal resistance and increased susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea in leaves. SlLYK4 is highly expressed in tomato fruit and overexpression of SlLYK4 enhances disease resistance in both leaves and fruit.

HORTICULTURE RESEARCH (2023)

Article Food Science & Technology

Melatonin Treatment of Strawberry Fruit during Storage Extends Its Post-Harvest Quality and Reduces Infection Caused by Botrytis cinerea

Surassawadee Promyou et al.

Summary: This study investigated the effects of exogenous melatonin (MT) on the physicochemical quality, antioxidant defense system, and disease resistance of strawberry fruit to Botrytis cinerea infection. The results showed that immersion in 100 μM MT effectively maintained the brightness, titratable acidity, and delay in fruit color change of strawberry fruit. Moreover, MT also maintained the fresh weight and firmness of strawberries, and reduced B. cinerea infection. DPPH scavenging capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity (except CAT) were also increased by MT treatment.
Article Microbiology

Botrytis cinerea BcSSP2 protein is a late infection phase, cytotoxic effector

Wenjun Zhu et al.

Summary: Botrytis cinerea is a phytopathogenic fungus that causes serious diseases in major crops. It secretes a protein called BcSSP2 during infection, which has both phytotoxic and immune-inducing effects on plants. The phytotoxic activity of BcSSP2 is regulated by multiple factors.

ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

Article Plant Sciences

Analyses of Botrytis cinerea-responsive LrWRKY genes from Lilium regale reveal distinct roles of two LrWRKY transcription factors in mediating responses to B. cinerea

Yongyao Fu et al.

Summary: This study identified 15 Botrytis cinerea-responsive LrWRKY genes in Lilium regale Wilson and analyzed their structural features and expression patterns. It was found that LrWRKY39 and LrWRKY41a have different effects on the resistance and susceptibility to B. cinerea, possibly through regulating the transcript levels of SA- and JA-responsive genes.

PLANT CELL REPORTS (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The jasmonate-induced bHLH gene SlJIG functions in terpene biosynthesis and resistance to insects and fungus

Yunyun Cao et al.

Summary: This study identified the SlJIG gene in tomato as a direct target of MYC2, involved in JA-induced terpene biosynthesis and resistance against cotton bollworm and B. cinerea. SlJIG knockout plants showed lower terpene contents and weaker expression of JA-responsive defense genes.

JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY (2022)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Control of fruit softening and Ascorbic acid accumulation by manipulation of SlIMP3 in tomato

Xianzhe Zheng et al.

Summary: Postharvest deterioration is a major challenge for the fruit industry. This study showed that overexpression of the SlIMP3 gene in tomatoes can regulate fruit softening rate, improve fruit firmness, and extend shelf-life. It also increased the content of ascorbic acid and myoinositol, and enhanced cell wall thickness, resulting in delayed fruit softening and decreased water loss. Additionally, overexpression of SlIMP3 conferred tolerance to Botrytis cinerea and led to changes in the composition of the fruit cell wall.

PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL (2022)

Article Plant Sciences

Jasmonate increases terpene synthase expression, leading to strawberry resistance to Botrytis cinerea infection

Zibo Zhang et al.

Summary: The study revealed that jasmonic acid induces FaTPS1 to produce terpenes, overexpression of FaTPS1 confers strawberry fruit resistance against Botrytis cinerea infection, and FaMYC2 induces FaTPS1 expression by binding to the G-box element in its promoter. Various genes, proteins, and metabolites were found to be involved in pathogen perception, hormone biosynthesis, signal transduction, photosynthesis, and secondary metabolism.

PLANT CELL REPORTS (2022)

Article Horticulture

Transcriptomic and metabolmic approaches to counter the effect of Botrytis cinerea in grape berry with the application of nitric oxide

Zenglu Song et al.

Summary: The application of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) has been found to improve the shelf life of grape berries by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities and inhibiting the growth of Botrytis cinerea. RNA-Seq data revealed that NO regulated the expression of numerous genes and metabolites associated with disease resistance and secondary metabolism, leading to increased levels of resveratrol and improved shelf life of the grapes.

SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE (2022)

Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Tomato SlPti5 plays a regulative role in the plant immune response against Botrytis cinerea through modulation of ROS system and hormone pathways

Tang Qiong et al.

Summary: This study investigated the function of SlPti5 in the defense response of tomato against Botrytis cinerea. The results showed that SlPti5 stimulates the immune response of tomato plants to B. cinerea infection by involving the ethylene and jasmonic acid pathways, modulating the expression of genes involved in ROS scavenging system and pathogenesis, and promoting the development of reactive oxygen species.

JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE (2022)

Article Agronomy

Molecular dissection of rose and Botrytis cinerea pathosystems affected by ethylene

Suong Tuyet Thi Ha et al.

Summary: Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) is a necrotrophic pathogen that causes significant damage to cut roses. This study investigated the relationship between ethylene, fungal growth, and ethylene inhibitors during B. cinerea infection in cut roses. The results showed that the susceptibility of cut roses to gray mold disease is influenced by the developmental stage of the flowers and the level of senescence, which is stimulated by ethylene biosynthesis. The activation of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways by B. cinerea infections in cut flowers leads to the activation of certain genes in the petals. Ethylene directly regulates the development of B. cinerea infections by binding to receptors or indirectly by promoting ethylene response in the host tissues. Inhibition of ethylene responses and the fungal receptor by 1-methylcylopropene (1-MCP) makes cut rose flowers resistant to necrotrophic pathogens. Understanding the relationship between ethylene and gray mold disease in cut roses and the interaction between ethylene inhibitors and B. cinerea is important for improving postharvest treatments for reducing B. cinerea damage.

POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY (2022)

Article Horticulture

Changes in physio-biochemical status of cut of rose (Rosa Hybrida L. cv. Samurai) flowers under methyl Jasmonate, brassinosteroid, and fungal elicitor to control gray mold

Mansoreh Hasanzadeh Naeemi et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the effects of different concentrations of BR, MeJA, and fungal elicitor on rose flowers. The results showed that 1000 and 800 mg/l of fungal elicitor were the most effective treatments, improving the physiological traits and vase life of the flowers. Additionally, 0.1 and 0.2 mM MeJA and 1 μM BR significantly improved the quality of cut rose flowers.

SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE (2022)

Article Plant Sciences

The transcription factors VaERF16 and VaMYB306 interact to enhance resistance of grapevine to Botrytis cinerea infection

Yanxun Zhu et al.

Summary: This study discovered that the transcription factor VaERF16 enhances grape resistance to B. cinerea infection and the bacteria Pseudomonas syringae DC3000. VaERF16 interacts with VaMYB306 transcription factor, leading to an up-regulation of the defense-related gene PDF1.2 and increased resistance. Elucidation of this regulatory module is of importance in enhancing grapevine resistance to B. cinerea infection.

MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY (2022)

Article Plant Sciences

SlVQ15 interacts with jasmonate-ZIM domain proteins and SlWRKY31 to regulate defense response in tomato

Huang Huang et al.

Summary: In this study, the researchers found that the tomato protein VQ15 plays a crucial role in plant resistance to the harmful pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Silencing VQ15 reduced resistance, while overexpression increased resistance. VQ15 interacts with proteins involved in the jasmonate signaling pathway to regulate tomato defense against Botrytis cinerea. These findings highlight the importance of VQ15 in the plant's defense mechanism.

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (2022)

Review Cell Biology

Contrasting Roles of Ethylene Response Factors in Pathogen Response and Ripening in Fleshy Fruit

Shan Li et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the role of ERFs in regulating fruit ripening and responses to pathogen infection, and the in-depth understanding of this research may identify novel approaches for improving fruit quality and pathogen resistance through transcriptional regulation.
Review Plant Sciences

Pathogenic strategies and immune mechanisms to necrotrophs: Differences and similarities to biotrophs and hemibiotrophs

Chao -Jan Liao et al.

Summary: The pathogenesis of plant diseases is complex and involves various factors such as pathogen virulence and plant immune mechanisms. Necrotrophs pose significant challenges to crop production, especially with the changing climate. Immune responses to biotrophs and hemibiotrophs are mainly mediated by intracellular receptors, while necrotrophs activate immune responses using specific immune elicitors. Plant hormones have differential impacts on resistance to pathogens of different lifestyles. The understanding of resistance mechanisms against necrotrophs is expanding, revealing the contributions of different effectors.

CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Advances in Fungal Elicitor-Triggered Plant Immunity

Jia Guo et al.

Summary: Fungal elicitors play an important role in plant immunity and are significant for controlling plant diseases.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

Article Agronomy

Preharvest spray with melatonin improves postharvest disease resistance in cherry tomato fruit

Shenge Li et al.

Summary: The preharvest application of melatonin in cherry tomato fruit improved disease resistance by upregulating the expression of calcium-dependent protein kinase (SlCDPK) and respiratory burst oxidase homologs (SlRBOHs), enhancing the contents of salicylic acid (SA) and lignin, and activating the SA signaling pathway and phenylpropanoid metabolism.

POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY (2022)

Article Plant Sciences

Tomato receptor-like cytosolic kinase RIPK confers broad-spectrum disease resistance without yield penalties

Ran Wang et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that modifying the regulatory components of ROS production in plant immunity can lead to the engineering or breeding of broad-spectrum disease-resistant crops without affecting yield.

HORTICULTURE RESEARCH (2022)

Article Cell Biology

Determination of Reactive Oxygen or Nitrogen Species and Novel Volatile Organic Compounds in the Defense Responses of Tomato Plants against Botrytis cinerea Induced by Trichoderma virens TRS 106

Justyna Nawrocka et al.

Summary: In this study, Trichoderma virens TRS 106 was found to enhance the defense responses of tomato plants, leading to a decrease in grey mould disease caused by Botrytis cinerea. The infected plants generated more reactive molecules, while the plants treated with TRS 106 showed accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide. Additionally, the TRS 106-treated plants released volatile organic compounds that are considered to have a protective effect against B. cinerea.
Article Horticulture

Molecular Characterization of bHLH Transcription Factor Family in Rose (Rosa chinensis Jacq.) under Botrytis cinerea Infection

Ikram Ullah et al.

Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive identification and expression analysis of bHLH genes in roses, providing important information for the study of rose defense against B. cinerea infection.

HORTICULTURAE (2022)

Review Plant Sciences

Molecular mechanisms underlying multi-level defense responses of horticultural crops to fungal pathogens

Xiaodi Xu et al.

Summary: The horticultural industry plays a significant role in improving human diet and agricultural economy. However, fungal diseases pose a major challenge, causing economic losses and food waste. Understanding horticultural plant defense responses and fungal pathogenicity is crucial for developing regulatory strategies to enhance plant resistance. Recent advancements in multi-omics analyses, gene editing, sequencing, and data mining have contributed to the identification and functional determination of defense molecules and their signaling pathways. This review summarizes the research progress on defense responses of horticultural crops to fungal pathogens and discusses novel regulatory strategies, as well as future research directions.

HORTICULTURE RESEARCH (2022)

Article Plant Sciences

Co-silencing of ABA receptors (SlRCAR) reveals interactions between ABA and ethylene signaling during tomato fruit ripening

Jian Zou et al.

Summary: The regulation of endogenous hormones, including ABA and ethylene, plays a vital role in fruit ripening. This study applied RNAi to silence ABA receptor genes in tomato and identified specific receptors, such as SlRCAR11 and SlRCAR13, that participate in ABA signaling during tomato fruit ripening. Silencing these receptors weakened the ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathway, leading to delayed fruit ripening, increased fruit firmness, and altered shelf-life and susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea. Interestingly, blocking ABA signaling did not affect the ability of ethylene to induce fruit ripening, suggesting that ABA signaling may be located upstream of ethylene signaling in regulating fruit ripening. Overall, this research provides new insights into the complex regulatory network of phytohormones in tomato fruit ripening.

HORTICULTURE RESEARCH (2022)

Article Plant Sciences

Overexpression ofSlMYB75enhances resistance toBotrytis cinereaand prolongs fruit storage life in tomato

Mengyu Liu et al.

Summary: Overexpression of the SlMYB75 gene can increase the accumulation of jasmonic acid, improve the resistance of fruit against B. cinerea, and prolong the storage life of the fruit.

PLANT CELL REPORTS (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Characterization of wall-associated kinase/wall-associated kinase-like (WAK/WAKL) family in rose (Rosa chinensis) reveals the role of RcWAK4 in Botrytis resistance

Xintong Liu et al.

Summary: In this study, a total of 68 RcWAK/RcWAKL gene family members were identified in the rose genome, showing differences in extracellular and intracellular domains. The RcWAK/RcWAKL gene family was divided into five groups, with some genes significantly up-regulated in response to Botrytis cinerea inoculation, particularly RcWAK4 which is involved in rose petal resistance to the pathogen. This study provides valuable information for further understanding the function of the RcWAK/RcWAKL gene family and breeding research for resistance to B. cinerea in rose.

BMC PLANT BIOLOGY (2021)

Article Genetics & Heredity

Strawberry FaWRKY25 Transcription Factor Negatively Regulated the Resistance of Strawberry Fruits to Botrytis cinerea

Sizhen Jia et al.

Summary: This study revealed the crucial role of FaWRKY25 in regulating strawberry fruits' resistance against Botrytis cinerea. Overexpression of FaWRKY25 decreased fruit resistance, while silencing increased resistance, and the expression level of FaWRKY25 affected genes related to JA biosynthesis and metabolism, as well as defense genes.
Article Plant Sciences

The tomato Mediator subunit MED8 positively regulates plant response to Botrytis cinerea

Lili Zhang et al.

Summary: AtMED25 and SlMED8 play essential roles in plant defense responses against pathogens by regulating the JA signaling pathway.

JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (2021)

Article Agronomy

Exogenous ferulic acid treatment increases resistance against Botrytis cinerea in tomato fruit by regulating nitric oxide signaling pathway

Pan Shu et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that treatment with ferulic acid enhanced resistance against Botrytis cinerea in tomato fruit by increasing the activities of defense enzymes and gene expression related to salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathways.

POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Pattern-recognition receptors are required for NLR-mediated plant immunity

Minhang Yuan et al.

Summary: The plant immune system consists of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), which are activated by different mechanisms and involve distinct signaling cascades. PTI is triggered by microbial patterns via cell surface receptors, while ETI is activated by pathogen effector proteins via intracellular receptors.

NATURE (2021)

Article Agronomy

Transcriptome analysis reveals that SlNPR1 mediates tomato fruit resistance against Botrytis cinerea by modulating phenylpropanoid metabolism and balancing ROS homeostasis

Rui Li et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that knockout of SlNPR1 in tomato fruit results in increased activities of defense enzymes, changes in ROS homeostasis, and activation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, which collectively contribute to resistance against B. cinerea.

POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Horticulture

FaWRKY11 transcription factor positively regulates resistance to Botrytis cinerea in strawberry fruit

Yuanhua Wang et al.

Summary: Plant WRKY transcriptional factors are crucial in defense responses against biotic stresses, with FaWRKY11 found to positively regulate defense in strawberry fruit against Botrytis cinerea. Overexpression of FaWRKY11 significantly alleviated tissue damage in strawberries, while its silencing led to slightly increased disease incidence. Variations in gene expression levels related to disease resistance and phytohormone metabolism were observed, suggesting a role of FaWRKY11 in regulating defense mechanisms against B. cinerea in strawberries.

SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

RcTGA1 and glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway involvement in the defence of rose against the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea

Penghua Gao et al.

Summary: This study identified a significant increase in defense enzyme activities in infected plants. Transcriptomic, metabolomic, and VIGS analyses revealed the defense mechanisms against Botrytis c. infection in rose plants.

BMC PLANT BIOLOGY (2021)

Article Agronomy

Strawberry WRKY Transcription Factor WRKY50 Is Required for Resistance to Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogen Botrytis cinerea

Chuangju Ma et al.

Summary: The study revealed that FvWRKY50 acts as a positive regulator in mediating resistance against B. cinerea by regulating some JA pathway and defense-related genes.

AGRONOMY-BASEL (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The Botrytis cinerea Crh1 transglycosylase is a cytoplasmic effector triggering plant cell death and defense response

Kai Bi et al.

Summary: Crh proteins catalyze crosslinking of chitin and glucan polymers in fungal cell walls. Bi et al. showed that a Crh protein from the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea acts as a cytoplasmic effector and elicitor of plant defense, leading to reduced sensitivity to the pathogen in plants expressing this gene.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Comparative transcriptomic analysis highlights contrasting levels of resistance of Vitis vinifera and Vitis amurensis to Botrytis cinerea

Ran Wan et al.

Summary: The study revealed the differences in resistance to Botrytis cinerea between V. amurensis and V. vinifera cultivar, with an imbalance in redox homeostasis potentially contributing to susceptibility in the latter. Prediction of regulatory network associated WRKY and MYB transcription factors with the abscisic acid pathway, and weighted gene correlation network analysis highlighted preinfection features of V. amurensis that could enhance resistance to the pathogen.

HORTICULTURE RESEARCH (2021)

Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Overexpression of SlERF3b and SlERF5 in transgenic tomato alters fruit size, number of seeds and promotes early flowering, tolerance to abiotic stress and resistance to Botrytis cinerea infection

Tania Belen Alvarez-Gomez et al.

Summary: Ethylene response factors (ERFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that positively regulate stress responses. In tomato, SlERF1, SlERF3b, and SlERF5 are differentially upregulated under various stress conditions, suggesting their role in modulating defense responses. Overexpression of SlERF3b and SlERF5 in transgenic tomato plants enhances stress tolerance by upregulating stress-related genes and promoting early flowering. Additionally, SlERF3b and SlERF5 positively regulate immune responses against Botrytis cinerea by modulating JA/ET signaling pathways.

ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY (2021)

Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

The Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathway is Associated with Terpinen-4-ol-Induced Disease Resistance against Botrytis cinerea in Strawberry Fruit

Zhenbiao Li et al.

Summary: Terpinen-4-ol, the main component of tea tree oil, enhances disease resistance in postharvest strawberry fruit by inducing gene expression, particularly through activation of the jasmonic acid pathway.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

The phenylpropanoid pathway inhibitor piperonylic acid induces broad-spectrum pest and disease resistance in plants

Willem Desmedt et al.

Summary: In this study, transient perturbation of the phenylpropanoid pathway was shown to trigger systemic, broad-spectrum resistance in plants by reprogramming metabolism and inducing immune signaling pathways, highlighting the crucial regulatory role of this pathway in plant immunity.

PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Over-expression of SlWRKY46 in tomato plants increases susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea by modulating ROS homeostasis and SA and JA signaling pathways

Pan Shu et al.

Summary: SlWRKY46 plays a negative regulatory role in B. cinerea infection, potentially by inhibiting the activities of antioxidants and disease resistance enzymes, regulating SA and JA signaling pathways, and modulating ROS homeostasis.

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Isoleucine Enhances Plant Resistance Against Botrytis cinerea via Jasmonate Signaling Pathway

Yuwen Li et al.

Summary: Research showed that application of isoleucine can enhance plant resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis, dependent on JA signaling. The increase of Ile content in leaves results in enhanced resistance to B. cinerea infection. Exogenous Ile application also moderately enhances resistance to B. cinerea in various horticultural plant species, offering a practical strategy for disease control in agriculture.

FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2021)

Review Plant Sciences

Regulatory Mechanisms of bHLH Transcription Factors in Plant Adaptive Responses to Various Abiotic Stresses

Yuchen Qian et al.

Summary: bHLH proteins are one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants, playing a crucial role in regulating plant responses to various abiotic stresses. By binding to specific elements in the promoter regions of stress-related genes, bHLHs can modulate the transcriptional expression, ultimately influencing the plant's adaptive responses.

FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

The role of the MAP kinase-kinase protein StMKK1 in potato immunity to different pathogens

Xiaokang Chen et al.

Summary: StMKK1 plays dual roles in potato defense, negatively regulating resistance to hemibiotrophic/biotrophic pathogens and positively regulating resistance to necrotrophic pathogens. Overexpression of StMKK1 suppresses PTI and SA-related immune responses, while silencing of StMKK1 enhances these immune responses.

HORTICULTURE RESEARCH (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Regulation of Botrytis cinerea Infection and Gene Expression in Cut Roses by Using Nano Silver and Salicylic Acid

Suong Tuyet Thi Ha et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that using nano silver can effectively reduce Botrytis cinerea growth in cut rose flowers, decrease the impact of ethylene, and prolong vase life; while salicylic acid proved to be ineffective in inhibiting Botrytis cinerea growth and ethylene response in cut roses.

PLANTS-BASEL (2021)

Article Food Science & Technology

Role of the tomato fruit ripening regulator MADS-RIN in resistance to Botrytis cinerea infection

Hui Zheng et al.

Summary: The Tomato MADS-RIN transcription factor plays a crucial role in regulating fruit ripening and potentially enhances pathogen resistance. Knockout fruit lacking RIN are more susceptible to Botrytis cinerea infection, with reduced expression of pathogenesis-related genes and enzyme activities, while showing elevated expression of cell wall-modifying enzyme genes. The study suggests that RIN enhances ripening-related resistance by upregulating pathogen-resistance genes and defense enzyme activities while reducing the expression of certain cell wall enzymes.

FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY (2021)

Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated SlMYC2 Mutagenesis Adverse to Tomato Plant Growth and MeJA-Induced Fruit Resistance to Botrytis cinerea

Pan Shu et al.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

CsWRKY10 mediates defence responses to Botrytis cinerea infection in Cucumis sativus

Mengyu Liu et al.

PLANT SCIENCE (2020)

Article Plant Sciences

A 25-Residue Peptide From Botrytis cinerea Xylanase BcXyn11A Elicits Plant Defenses

Marcos Frias et al.

FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2019)

Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Botrytis cinerea differentially induces postharvest antioxidant responses in 'Braeburn' and 'Golden Delicious' apple fruit

Tuyet T. A. Bui et al.

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE (2019)

Review Plant Sciences

R2R3 MYB Transcription Factors - Functions outside the DNA-Binding Domain

Peter S. Millard et al.

TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2019)

Article Evolutionary Biology

Metabolic Profiling to Identify the Latent Infection of Strawberry by Botrytis cinerea

Zhihong Hu et al.

EVOLUTIONARY BIOINFORMATICS (2019)

Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Knockout of SIMAPK3 Reduced Disease Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Tomato Plants

Shujuan Zhang et al.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2018)

Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

SIERF2 Is Associated with Methyl Jasmonate-Mediated Defense Response against Botrytis cinerea in Tomato Fruit

Wenqing Yu et al.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2018)

Article Microbiology

The Botrytis cinerea Xylanase BcXyl1 Modulates Plant Immunity

Yuankun Yang et al.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2018)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Mechanisms and strategies of plant defense against Botrytis cinerea

Synan AbuQamar et al.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY (2017)

Article Genetics & Heredity

Jasmonic acid involves in grape fruit ripening and resistant against Botrytis cinerea

Haifeng Jia et al.

FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS (2016)

Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Inhibition of SIMPK1, SIMPK2, and SIMPK3 Disrupts Defense Signaling Pathways and Enhances Tomato Fruit Susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea

Yanyan Zheng et al.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2015)

Article Plant Sciences

Mechanistic Insights in Ethylene Perception and Signal Transduction

Chuanli Ju et al.

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (2015)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Fungal Small RNAs Suppress Plant Immunity by Hijacking Host RNA Interference Pathways

Arne Weiberg et al.

SCIENCE (2013)

Review Plant Sciences

Plant Immunity to Necrotrophs

Tesfaye Mengiste

ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, VOL 50 (2012)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

CTR1 phosphorylates the central regulator EIN2 to control ethylene hormone signaling from the ER membrane to the nucleus in Arabidopsis

Chuanli Ju et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2012)

Article Agronomy

Nitric oxide synthase as a postharvest response in pathogen resistance of tomato fruit

Yang Zheng et al.

POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY (2011)

Article Agronomy

Defense responses of tomato fruit to exogenous nitric oxide during postharvest storage

Tongfei Lai et al.

POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY (2011)

Review Plant Sciences

On the origins of nitric oxide

Kapuganti J. Gupta et al.

TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2011)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Origin and Diversification of Basic-Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins in Plants

Nuno Pires et al.

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION (2010)

Review Plant Sciences

ROS in biotic interactions

Miguel Angel Torres

PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM (2010)

Article Plant Sciences

Functional analysis and mode of action of phytotoxic Nep1-like proteins of Botrytis cinerea

Yaite Cuesta Arenas et al.

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY (2010)

Review Plant Sciences

MYB transcription factors in Arabidopsis

Christian Dubos et al.

TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2010)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Arabidopsis CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 Protein Is a Jasmonate Receptor

Jianbin Yan et al.

PLANT CELL (2009)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Biosynthesis of salicylic acid in plants

Zhixiang Chen et al.

PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR (2009)

Review Plant Sciences

Ethylene signaling: new levels of complexity and regulation

Mandy D. Kendrick et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY (2008)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The cell wall:: a carbohydrate armour for the fungal cell

Jean-Paul Latge

MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY (2007)

Review Plant Sciences

Botrytis cinerea: the cause of grey mould disease

Brian Williamson et al.

MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY (2007)

Review Plant Sciences

Eto Brute?: Role of ACS turnover in regulating ethylene biosynthesis

HS Chae et al.

TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2005)

Article Plant Sciences

Activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in Arabidopsis by chitin

JR Wan et al.

MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY (2004)

Review Plant Sciences

Recent breakthroughs in the study of salicylic acid biosynthesis

JP Métraux

TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2002)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Signal interactions between nitric oxide and reactive oxygen intermediates in the plant hypersensitive disease resistance response

M Delledonne et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2001)