Widely Targeted Metabonomic Analysis to Study Effect of GSH on Metabolites of Chardonnay Wine during Simulated Oxidation

The effects of reduced glutathione (GSH) on non-volatile and volatile metabolites of Chardonnay wine during storage under simulated oxidation were investigated. The metabolites of GSH, which play a key role in the storage of white wine, were identified. In this study, GSHs at 0, 10, and 20 mg/L were added to wine samples and stored at 45 C-degrees for 45 days. Wine samples supplemented with 0 mg/L GSH were used as controls (CK). The samples stored for 45 days were analyzed via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 1107 non-volatile metabolites were detected, and 617 volatile metabolites were identified. Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) of >1.0 and Fold Change (FC) of >= 2.0 were used to screen differential metabolites. A total of 59 important non-volatile and 39 differential volatile metabolites were screened. Among the non-volatile metabolites, 17 substances were down-regulated, whereas 16 substances were up-regulated. Among the volatile metabolites, 3 substances were down-regulated, while 19 substances were up-regulated. After analysis, some lipids were found to play an important role in the changes to non-volatile substances. This study provides theoretical support for further application of GSH in increasing the oxidation stability of white wine.

Automated summary

This study investigated the effects of reduced glutathione (GSH) on the non-volatile and volatile metabolites of Chardonnay wine during simulated oxidation. It identified the important metabolites of GSH in white wine storage. The results showed that lipids play a crucial role in the changes of non-volatile substances. This study provides theoretical support for the application of GSH in improving the oxidation stability of white wine.