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All-carbon backbone aromatic polymers for proton exchange membranes

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (2023)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Facile synthesis of sulfonated poly(phenyl-alkane)s for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Boxin Xue et al.

Summary: Herein, we report a facile synthesis method for three sulfonated poly (phenyl-alkane)s with excellent chemical stability. The polymers were synthesized by acid-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts polycondensation followed by nucleophilic substitution. One of the polymers showed improved ionic channel connectivity, resulting in high conductivity and successful application in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2023)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Side-chain structural engineering on poly(terphenyl piperidinium) anion exchange membrane for water electrolysers

Lei Liu et al.

Summary: A strategy for improving the alkaline stability and conductivity of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) is proposed by replacing N-alkyl side chains with hydrophilic and flexible N-oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) terminal pendants in comb-shaped poly(terphenyl piperidinium) (PTP) AEMs. The modified membranes show improved ex-situ alkaline stability, excellent mechanical properties, and high conductivity. This side-chain structural engineering approach opens up a new avenue for advanced water electrolysis.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

High-performance Poly(biphenyl piperidinium) Type Anion Exchange Membranes with Interconnected Ion Transfer Channels: Cooperativity of Dual Cations and Fluorinated Side Chains

Guodong Xu et al.

Summary: The ionic conductivity of alkaline fuel cell anion exchange membranes (AEMs) is enhanced by constructing enhanced microphase-separated structures through the cooperativity of highly hydrophilic dual cations and highly hydrophobic fluorinated side chains. The flexibility of side chains is improved by the introduction of -O-, facilitating the formation of ion transport channels. The dual piperidinium cation functionalized membrane (PB2Pip-5C8F) achieves a high conductivity of 74.4 mS cm(-1) at 30 degrees C and 168.46 mS cm(-1) at 80 degrees C. The PB2Pip-5C8F membrane also exhibits the highest peak power density of 718 mW cm(-2) at 80 degrees C under a current density of 1197 mA cm(-2) without back pressure. Furthermore, the PB2Pip-5C8F membrane shows a low voltage decay rate of 1.68 mV h(-1) over 70 hours of operation at 80 degrees C.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2023)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Durable dual-methylpiperidinium crosslinked poly (binaphthyl-co-terphenyl piperidinium) anion exchange membranes with high ion transport and electrochemical performance

Wei Ting Gao et al.

Summary: A series of novel crosslinked poly(binaphthyl-co-terphenyl piperidinium)s (QBNTPs) based on various dual-piperidinium crosslinkers are prepared as anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for alkaline fuel cells and water electrolysis. QBNTP-MP11 AEM exhibits exceptional OH- conductivity, suppressed swelling ratio, superior toughness, and outstanding durability. Moreover, it demonstrates high peak power density and excellent current density in alkaline water electrolysis, suggesting its potential application in fuel cells and electrolysis.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2023)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Poly(arylene alkylene)s functionalized with perfluorosulfonic acid groups as proton exchange membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries

Amirreza Khataee et al.

Summary: In this study, we synthesized two types of poly(p-terphenylene alkylene)s containing perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid and perfluorophenylsulfonic acid, respectively, through superacid-mediated polyhydroxyalkylations and made proton exchange membranes (PEMs) out of them. Compared to Nafion 212, the PEM with perfluorophenylsulfonic acid groups (PTPF-Phenyl-SA) showed higher ionic conductivity and eight times lower vanadium (IV) permeation rate. The VRFB based on PTPF-Phenyl-SA exhibited longer self-discharge duration, high average coulombic efficiency of 99.6%, and lower capacity fade of 0.24% per cycle compared to Nafion 212.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Porous Proton Exchange Membrane with High Stability and Low Hydrogen Permeability Realized by Dense Double Skin Layers Constructed with Amino tris (methylene phosphonic acid)

Wen Li et al.

Summary: This study reports a porous polybenzimidazole membrane with dense double skin layers that effectively alleviates hydrogen permeation and phosphoric acid loss, resulting in enhanced stability. The membrane exhibits excellent proton conductivity and fuel cell performance due to the synergistic mass transfer of amino tris (methylene phosphonic acid) and phosphoric acid. Furthermore, the membrane operates in a wider temperature range.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Fluorinated Poly(aryl piperidinium) Membranes for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Xingyu Wu et al.

Summary: A fluorination strategy is reported to create a phase-separated morphological structure in poly(aryl piperidinium) anion-exchange membranes (AEMs). The fluorinated AEMs possess high conductivity and dimensional stability, as well as excellent mechanical and chemical stability. AEMFCs using these fluorinated AEMs achieve outstanding peak power density and remain stable over extended operation.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

High-strength, ultra-thin anion exchange membranes with a branched structure toward alkaline membrane fuel cells

Xiaofeng Li et al.

Summary: In this work, self-supporting anion exchange membranes with enhanced mechanical strength and ultrathin thickness were prepared using a branched monomer, 9-dodecylidene-9H-fluorene (DDF), to construct branched structures based on poly(arylene piperidinium)s. The optimized membrane exhibited low water swelling, high mechanical strength, and improved hydroxide conductivity, making it a promising candidate for fuel cells.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2023)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Key Components and Design Strategy for a Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer

Yuhao Chen et al.

Summary: This review systematically reviews the recent advancements and developments of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) technology, discussing key components and the design of membrane electrode assembly, as well as exploring current challenges and future perspectives for PEMWE development.

SMALL STRUCTURES (2023)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Poly (isatin biphenylene) polymer containing ferrocenium derivatives for anion exchange membrane fuel cell

Yongjiang Yuan et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that anion exchange membranes functionalized with organometallic cations exhibit excellent stability and comprehensive performance, showing potential applications in anion exchange membrane fuel cells to enhance the peak energy density of single cells.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

New high-performance bulky N-heterocyclic group functionalized poly (terphenyl piperidinium) membranes for HT-PEMFC applications

Yaping Jin et al.

Summary: A novel high-performance high-temperature proton exchange membrane has been developed with high phosphoric acid doping content and conductivity, achieving good performance in fuel cells.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Durable and highly selective ion transport of a sulfonated Diels Alder Poly (phenylene) for vanadium redox flow batteries

Sandip Maurya et al.

Summary: A polymer membrane with an external hydrophobic shell and internal hydrophilic core was designed to improve the durability and ion selectivity of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The synthesized membrane exhibited lower vanadium ion permeability, higher VRFB performance, and better capacity retention compared to the commonly used Nafion-212.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2022)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Nanostructured anion exchange membranes based on poly(arylene piperidinium) with bis-cation strings for diffusion dialysis in acid recovery

Binghui Liu et al.

Summary: A series of anion exchange membranes based on poly(arylene piperidinium) with bis-cation strings were prepared using Menshutkin reaction for diffusion dialysis. The membranes demonstrated favorable overall properties due to the self-assembled nanostructured hydrophilic-hydrophobic phase separation morphology, leading to high H+ dialysis coefficients and potential application in acid recovery.

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Well-designed polyphenylene PEMs with high proton conductivity and chemical and mechanical durability for fuel cells

Fanghua Liu et al.

Summary: In this study, a new series of sulfonated polyphenylene ionomers (SPP-TFP) were designed and synthesized as highly proton conductive and durable proton exchange membranes. These ionomers exhibited high solubility and flexibility, and showed excellent proton conductivity and durability for practical fuel cell applications.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2022)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Fuel cells with an operational range of-20 °C to 200 °C enabled by phosphoric acid-doped intrinsically ultramicroporous membranes

Hongying Tang et al.

Summary: Researchers have developed a new type of fuel cell membrane that can operate over a wider temperature range, from -20 to 200 degrees C. This ultramicroporous membrane retains phosphoric acid even under highly humidified conditions and exhibits higher proton conductivity retention compared to conventional membranes. This innovation could simplify heat and water management in fuel cell systems, potentially reducing costs.

NATURE ENERGY (2022)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Development of a High-Performance Proton Exchange Membrane:From Structural Optimization to Quantity Production

Weisheng Yu et al.

Summary: This study presents a facile synthesis approach for producing low-cost and high-performance proton exchange membranes (PEMs) used in hydrogen fuel cells. The prepared PEM breaks the trade-off between thermal-dimensional stability and proton conductivity by utilizing a hierarchical polymer structure consisting of flexible ionic side-chains anchored onto a twisted rigid backbone. Microscale topology structure analyses and molecular dynamics simulations reveal the formation of well-connected proton nanochannels through self-assembly of the hydrated ionic groups. Moreover, the PEM can be produced in large quantities using a pilot-scale production line and exhibits excellent fuel cell performance under low relative humidity conditions.

INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Poly(p-terphenyl alkylene)s grafted with highly acidic sulfonated polypentafluorostyrene side chains for proton exchange membranes

Hannes Nederstedt et al.

Summary: Molecularly well-designed proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with a high local concentration of strongly acidic groups have been prepared. These PEMs based on poly(p-phenylene alkylene) backbones functionalized with sulfonated polypentafluorostyrene grafts showed controlled water uptake, high proton conductivity, stability, and robust mechanical properties.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Alkali-free quaternized polybenzimidazole membranes with high phosphoric acid retention ability for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Donglin He et al.

Summary: This study fabricates high-temperature proton exchange membranes with high phosphoric acid uptake and retention ability by solvent casting, which exhibit high anhydrous proton conductivity and stability.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Poly(arylene pyridine)s: New alternative materials for high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Yaping Jin et al.

Summary: This study successfully synthesized two new types of polymer exchange membranes with good organic solubility, excellent thermal stability, and phosphoric acid absorption capability through a simple Friedel-Crafts polymerization method. The membranes also exhibit remarkable chemical stability. The fuel cell based on the PTAP membrane demonstrates excellent performance and durability.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives

Huanhuan Chen et al.

Summary: Fuel cell technology is a clean energy generation method that enables carbon neutrality. This Perspective highlights recent trends in the fabrication of high-performance anion exchange membranes (AEMs) and identifies future directions. The success in polymer design is expected to lead to the development of long-lasting fuel cells, reducing carbon emissions and facilitating sustainable development.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2022)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Robust poly(alkyl-fluorene isatin) proton exchange membranes grafted with pendant sulfonate groups for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Fei Xu et al.

Summary: This study successfully designed and prepared two types of poly(alkyl-fluorene isatin)-based proton exchange membranes (PEMs), which have excellent mechanical properties and conductivity, making them suitable for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Polymer Science

Chain Architecture Dependence of Morphology and Water Transport in Poly(fluorene alkylene)-Based Anion-Exchange Membranes

Xiaofeng Li et al.

Summary: Main-chain non-ether anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) have gained significant attention due to their ease of preparation and excellent alkaline stability. However, the controllable morphology of these membranes remains challenging. In this study, seven poly(fluorene alkylene) membranes with different quaternary ammonium (QA) group distributions were designed via superacid-catalyzed polymerization. The morphology of the membranes was found to play a key role in water transport and ion conductivity. The optimized membrane with a block biphenyl structure exhibited high conductivity and peak power density, making it suitable for high-performance AEM fuel cells.

MACROMOLECULES (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Efficient and Durable Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis for a Commercially Available Electrolyzer Stack using Alkaline Electrolyte

Myeong Je Jang et al.

Summary: A low-cost anion exchange membrane water electrolysis stack with good performance and durability is demonstrated in this study. By optimizing the configuration and materials of the single cell, high energy conversion efficiency and durability have been achieved, which shows potential for future applications.

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Supramolecular Anchoring of Polyoxometalate Amphiphiles into Nafion Nanophases for Enhanced Proton Conduction

Haibo He et al.

Summary: This study reports the robust assembly of polyethylene glycol grafted polyoxometalate amphiphile (GSiW(11)) into the ionic nanophases of Nafion, which enhances the overall performance of Nafion. GSiW(11) can coassemble with Nafion through multiple supramolecular interactions, increasing the proton content and forming a wide channel for proton transport. Additionally, GSiW(11) reinforces the Nafion ionic nanophase by noncovalent cross-linking. The hybrid PEMs exhibit multiple enhancements in proton conductivity, tensile strength, and fuel cell power density compared to pure Nafion.

ACS NANO (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Phosphoric-Acid Retention in High-Temperature Proton-Exchange Membranes

Hongying Tang et al.

Summary: Efforts have been made to mitigate the leaching of phosphoric acid (PA) in high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFC). Strategies such as introducing phosphonic acid by covalent bond, using ion-pairs interaction and siphoning effect, and blending with inorganic nanoparticles have been proposed. Among these strategies, the siphoning effect is the most efficient method to retain PA and enable flexible operation within a wide temperature range.

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Enhanced diffusion dialysis performance of cross-linked poly(aryl piperidine) anion exchange membranes by thiol-ene click chemistry for acid recovery

Binghui Liu et al.

Summary: By introducing hydrophilic groups into the polymer, the dimensional stability and ion selectivity of cross-linked anion exchange membranes can be effectively improved.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Membrane Strategies for Water Electrolysis

Eun Joo Park et al.

Summary: Hydrogen holds great promise as a clean energy resource, and green hydrogen production through renewable energy-powered water electrolysis can help achieve the global carbon-free energy goal. Ion-exchange membranes play a key role in membrane-based water electrolysis, enabling high hydrogen production efficiency through a zero-gap configuration. Research efforts for membrane alternatives have increased to reduce the cost and improve the durability of electrolyzers without sacrificing performance and efficiency.

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Performance and stability of ether-free high temperature proton exchange membranes with tunable pendent imidazolium groups

Qing Ju et al.

Summary: It is found that (Benz)imidazoliums are effective for retaining phosphoric acid in PA doped proton exchange membranes. However, research on the stability of polymer materials with (benz)imidazoliums is limited. In this study, novel ether-free PIBI-Qx membranes were prepared and the dissolution of these membranes at high temperature was effectively inhibited by adjusting the methylation degree of the pendent imidazole. The PA retention and conductivity retention of PA/PIBI-Q70 membrane were significantly higher than those of PA/mPBI membrane after 100 hours at 80 degrees C/40% RH.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2022)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Progress in hybrid composite Nafion®-based membranes for proton exchange fuel cell application

Y. Prykhodko et al.

Summary: Over 50% of energy is currently produced by burning non-renewable fossil fuels, leading to the release of greenhouse gases and environmental pollution. As a result, research on renewable energy sources, storage, and energy transformation devices has become increasingly important in recent years. Fuel cells, particularly proton exchange membrane fuel cells, are considered a promising energy device with ongoing developments in membrane technology.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Octopus-like side chain grafted poly(arylene piperidinium) membranes for fuel cell application

Lingling Ma et al.

Summary: Introducing octopus-like side chains in alkaline anion exchange membranes enhances conductivity and stability, leading to higher ion conductivity and durability. The use of these side chains in AEMs demonstrates improved performance in hydrogen/oxygen fuel cells.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Symmetric sponge-like porous polybenzimidazole membrane for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Kang Geng et al.

Summary: A novel symmetric sponge-like porous poly[2,2'-(4,4'-oxybis(1,4-phenylene))-5,5-bibenzimidazolesl (OPBI) membrane for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells was successfully fabricated, showing enhanced proton conductivity and dimensional stability compared to dense membranes. The porous membrane exhibited low gas crossover and high peak power density, despite lower single cell durability due to leaching of PA, making it a promising candidate for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Further research is aimed at improving PA retention by adjusting pore size and structure.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Prepared poly(aryl piperidinium) anion exchange membranes for acid recovery to improve dialysis coefficients and selectivity

Xinming Du et al.

Summary: Novel self-organized nanostructured cross-linked AEMs based on poly (aryl piperidinium) were successfully synthesized for acid recovery via DD, improving acid flux and selectivity between acid and salt systems. The prepared AEMs exhibited high H+ dialysis coefficients and good separation factors, showing potential for acid recovery applications.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2021)

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News Item Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Nafion as a patternable high-speed ionomer for electronics applications

Laurie Donaldson

MATERIALS TODAY (2021)

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Review Polymer Science

Anion exchange polyelectrolytes for membranes and ionomers

Nanjun Chen et al.

Summary: Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are considered a low-cost alternative to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for clean energy conversion, as they utilize non-platinum group metals as electrocatalysts under alkaline conditions. The development of high-performance anion-exchange polyelectrolytes (AEPs) has led to significant progress in power density and durability of AEMFCs, making them comparable to or even better than PEMFCs.

PROGRESS IN POLYMER SCIENCE (2021)

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Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Sulfonated aromatic polymer as a future proton exchange membrane: A review of sulfonation and crosslinking methods

Piyachai Khomein et al.

Summary: This review covers common post-sulfonation methods for development of SAP and state-of-the-art crosslinking procedures, highlighting the importance of understanding all available techniques due to the lack of a one-size-fits-all approach for sulfonation and crosslinking in SAP applications.

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

High-Performance Fuel Cell Operable at 120 °C Using Polyphenlyene Ionomer Membranes with Improved Interfacial Compatibility

Zhi Long et al.

Summary: Researchers have developed a novel sulfonated polyphenylene membrane for high-temperature and low-humidity operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), demonstrating superior proton conductivity and catalytic activity. The membrane achieved a high power density of 390 mW cm(-2) at 120 degrees Celsius and 30% relative humidity, with confirmed durability under accelerated degradation conditions for 1000 hours.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells

Fei Xiao et al.

Summary: The article summarizes the current development status of PEMFCs and AMFCs, including electrocatalyst design, catalyst layer optimization, and cell performance. It discusses and compares the activity, stability, and fuel cell performance of different types of electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction and hydrogen oxidation reactions, while also exploring research directions for further development.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Durable and highly proton conducting poly(arylene perfluorophenylphosphonic acid) membranes

Na Rae Kang et al.

Summary: Phosphonated aromatic polymers functionalized with highly acidic perfluorophenylphosphonic acid show high conductivity, efficient ionic clustering, excellent proton conductivity, and outstanding thermal stability, making them attractive for applications in catalyst layers and proton exchange membranes.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Poly(fluorenyl aryl piperidinium) membranes and ionomers for anion exchange membrane fuel cells

Nanjun Chen et al.

Summary: The study presents a series of durable poly(fluorenyl aryl piperidinium) ionomers and membranes with high OH- conductivity and excellent mechanical properties for improved performance of alkaline fuel cells. Innovative design of poly(fluorenyl aryl piperidinium) copolymers is explored to extend their applications in anion exchange membrane fuel cells.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

Synthesis of Fluorinated Poly(phenyl-alkane)s of Intrinsic Microporosity by Regioselective Aldehyde (A2) + Aromatics (B2) Friedel-Crafts Polycondensation

Shengyang Zhou et al.

Summary: This study achieved an important breakthrough in the design of functionalized porous materials by synthesizing a series of poly(phenyl-alkane)s with intrinsic microporosity. The exploration of fluorinated PIMs demonstrated excellent gas separation performance, providing valuable insights for environmental and energy applications.

MACROMOLECULES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Designing the next generation of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells

Kui Jiao et al.

Summary: The rapid growth of proton-exchange membrane fuel cell technology is driving the demand for clean and sustainable global energy applications. Increasing PEMFC power density is critical for commercialization, with ambitious goals set globally. Future high-power-density PEMFCs will focus on improving membrane electrode assembly components, water and thermal management, and materials.

NATURE (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Applied

Recent advances in phosphoric acid-based membranes for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Zunmin Guo et al.

Summary: Efforts to design and develop phosphoric acid-based proton exchange membrane for high-temperature fuel cells have been made globally. Various approaches, including crosslinking, introducing antioxidative groups, and incorporating inorganic materials, have been proposed to mitigate the degradation of the membranes. Crosslinking, blending with stable polymers and inorganic materials, and preparing polymers with high molecular weight are recommended to improve membrane mechanical strength. Three promising approaches to improve the durability of HT-PEMFCs include crosslinking, incorporating hygroscopic inorganic materials, and increasing membrane layers or introducing strong basic groups and electron-withdrawing groups.

JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Article Energy & Fuels

A study on hydrogen, the clean energy of the future: Hydrogen storage methods

Cevahir Tarhan et al.

Summary: As the demand for energy continues to rise, the search for new energy sources to replace traditional fossil fuels is ongoing. Daily energy needs can be met through the use of renewable energy sources. Globally, there is a gradual reduction in the use of fossil fuels in favor of cleaner energy sources such as hydrogen energy.

JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Proton conductors for heavy-duty vehicle fuel cells

Craig S. Gittleman et al.

Summary: In the short term, stability of proton exchange membranes must be ensured, achieving stable conductivity of proton conductors under hot and dynamic conditions is desirable in the mid-term, and in the long term, high thermal stability and water tolerance are targeted to enable the utilization of high energy density liquid fuels.

JOULE (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole with a leaf-like three-layer porous structure as a high-temperature proton exchange membrane for fuel cells

Peng Wang et al.

Summary: A new leaf-like three-layer porous PA-doped PBI HT-PEM is designed and prepared, which improves proton exchange performance. The durability of the three-layer HT-PEM fuel cells is greatly enhanced through a cross-linking method.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

High-performance anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers with a current density of 7.68 A cm-2 and a durability of 1000 hours

Nanjun Chen et al.

Summary: The study introduces a new technology of PFAP-based AEMWEs with higher performance than PEMWEs, highlighting the importance of high water diffusivity and ion conductivity.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

Poly(para-phenylene) ionomer membranes: effect of methyl and trifluoromethyl substituents

Fanghua Liu et al.

Summary: Sulfonated poly(para-phenylene)s with high molecular weight and membrane-forming capability were obtained using methyl and trifluoromethyl substituents. Despite being more hydrophobic, SPP-BP-CF3 membranes exhibited higher water uptake and proton conductivity than SPP-BP-CH3 membranes with comparable ion exchange capacity.

POLYMER CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

On the evolution of sulfonated polyphenylenes as proton exchange membranes for fuel cells

Michael Adamski et al.

Summary: The recent expansion in proton exchange membrane (PEM) research corresponds with the growth of PEM fuel cell research. Despite concerns with PFSA, hydrocarbon membranes are gaining attention for their lower gas permeability and stability, with sulfonated polyphenylenes being leading candidates.

MATERIALS ADVANCES (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

High temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells: progress in advanced materials and key technologies

Rizwan Haider et al.

Summary: High temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) have advantages such as fast reaction kinetics and high tolerance to impurities, but challenges like high cost and low durability hinder their practical applications. Researchers worldwide are focusing on exploring new materials and technologies to develop high-performance HT-PEMFCs. To facilitate further research and development of HT-PEMFCs, existing challenges are discussed and future research directions are proposed.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

Optimal method for preparing sulfonated polyaryletherketones with high ion exchange capacity by acid-catalyzed crosslinking for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Shih-Wei Lee et al.

Summary: Crosslinked SPAEK membranes with reduced water uptake and improved chemical stability and proton conductivity were prepared by optimizing crosslinking conditions. These membranes showed comparable proton conductivity to Nafion 212 and exhibited high power density in H-2/O-2 fuel cell tests, making them a promising option for proton exchange membranes in fuel cells.

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Alkaline polymers of intrinsic microporosity: high-conduction and low-loss anhydrous proton exchange membranes for energy conversion

Shengyang Zhou et al.

Summary: The newly developed HT-PEMs with a unique micro-porous structure demonstrate excellent proton conductivity and mechanical properties, as well as suitable phosphoric acid retention ability. The interconnected intrinsic microporosity contributes to the high and stable proton conductivity, surpassing that of traditional HT-PEMs.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Advancement in Distribution and Control Strategy of Phosphoric Acid in Membrane Electrode Assembly of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Jujia Zhang et al.

Summary: High-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) have unique advantages, but the control of phosphoric acid content is crucial for their performance. The distribution and migration of phosphoric acid in the electrodes are influenced by various factors, requiring precise regulation in order to construct high-performance HT-PEMFCs.

ACTA PHYSICO-CHIMICA SINICA (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

An effective strategy for the preparation of a wide-temperature-range proton exchange membrane based on polybenzimidazoles and polyacrylamide hydrogels

Bibo Yin et al.

Summary: The study introduces a novel design by incorporating three-dimensional network polyacrylamide hydrogels to enhance the proton conductivity of phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole membranes over a wide temperature range. The research demonstrates that the new membranes exhibit high performance in the temperature range of 80-180 degrees Celsius.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2021)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Molecular branching as a simple approach to improving polymer electrolyte membranes

Michael Adamski et al.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Synthesis and preparation of branched block polybenzimidazole membranes with high proton conductivity and single-cell performance for use in high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Li Wang et al.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Polymer Science

Structure-Property Relationships in Sterically Congested Proton-Conducting Poly(phenylene)s: the Impact of Biphenyl Linearity

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