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Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tuo Li et al.
Summary: Strong and ductile sodium alginate reinforced polyacrylamide/xanthan gum double network ionic hydrogels were developed for stress sensing and self-powered wearable device applications. The hydrogels exhibit excellent mechanical properties and ultra-high ductility due to the unique complex structure formed by the interaction between sodium alginate and metal ions. Additionally, the hydrogels show high stress-sensing performance and a self-powered device with promising prospects was constructed using the hydrogels.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Chunqing Yang et al.
Summary: Flexible strain sensors have made significant progress in fields such as human-computer interaction, medical monitoring, and handwriting recognition. However, they also face challenges in capturing weak signals, acquiring comprehensive information, and achieving accurate recognition. This study developed a sandwich-structured flexible strain sensor based on MXene/PPy/HEC conductive material and a PDMS flexible substrate. The sensor exhibited excellent sensing properties and successfully identified different handwritten characters with a recognition accuracy higher than 96% using machine learning technology.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jing Wang et al.
Summary: This study reports highly conductive PEDOT:PSS hydrogels without any conductive filler, which exhibit about 8 times higher conductivity than polymeric hydrogels without conductive filler in literature. These hydrogels not only show enhanced thermoelectric output power and electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency, but also have stretchable, self-healing, and shape/size-tunable properties, which are desirable for hydrogel bioelectronics and wearable organic devices.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yang Li et al.
Summary: Materials that can regenerate themselves after being damaged have been studied for a long time. Recently, there has been a growing interest in self-healing electronic materials for various applications. Conducting polymers, such as PEDOT, PPy, and PANI, are particularly attractive due to their high conductivity, stability, flexibility, processability, and biocompatibility. This review article discusses recent developments in the field, including different types of healing, strategies to optimize electrical and mechanical properties, and future challenges and perspectives.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Keyu Meng et al.
Summary: This study provides an overview of wearable pressure sensors for monitoring human pulse waves, focusing on the sensor mechanisms, microengineering structures, and applications in cardiovascular condition assessment. The study also discusses the opportunities and challenges faced by wearable pressure sensors, highlighting their potential as a wearable intelligent system for personalized healthcare.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dongning Liu et al.
Summary: A multifunctional electronic skin with excellent mechanical, electromagnetic shielding, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties was successfully prepared using TOCN/Ti3C2TX composite film. The piezoresistive sensor assembled from the composite film exhibited high sensitivity, fast response and recovery time, ultralow monitoring limit, and long-term stability, and could detect human daily activities.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Guihua Yan et al.
Summary: Recent research has focused on improving the mechanical properties of multifunctional conductive hydrogels. A new approach has been developed to assemble all-wood tough hydrogels with anisotropic mechanical properties by utilizing dynamic bonding between cellulose fibers, lignin, PAM chains, and iron ions. The hydrogels exhibit high stretchability and potential for compressive sensing due to their wide range of strain, sensitivity, and flexibility.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaoling He et al.
Summary: In this study, conductive hydrogels based on choline-amino acid polyionic liquids (Cho-AA PILs) were developed via a double network method. These hydrogels exhibited excellent mechanical properties, efficient self-healing ability, and high sensitivity. Moreover, they also showed antimicrobial activity and could be used for strain sensing applications. The results suggest that these versatile hydrogels have great potential in artificial intelligence and biomedical engineering.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yonghui Zhou et al.
Summary: A novel ionic liquid segmental polyelectrolyte hydrogel with improved tensile behavior and conductivity was developed in this study, showing great potential for monitoring various movements.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dongzhi Zhang et al.
Summary: The study introduces a method to design sensing materials by growing TiO2 on two-dimensional transition metal carbide to enhance the performance of ammonia sensors. With this design, the sensor shows 34 times higher sensitivity to ammonia, and the composite structure exhibits the highest affinity for adsorbing ammonia.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Kisan Chhetri et al.
Summary: This article provides an overview of the development of nanofibrous aerogels, focusing on carbon and polymer nanofiber reinforced aerogels, and their potential and applications in energy conversion and storage. The review summarizes the manufacturing techniques, properties, and challenges, and discusses future perspectives.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tuoyi Su et al.
Summary: Flexible pressure sensors have gained significant attention in various fields due to their applications in health monitoring and human-computer interaction. This study presents a paper-based pressure sensor made of MXene/bacterial cellulose film with a three-dimensional isolation layer structure, which also functions as a wearable sound detector. The sensor demonstrates excellent mechanical sensing performance and precise detection of human physiological signals. It can recognize different voice signals and sound attributes by monitoring throat muscle movement, and distinguish various natural sounds through air pressure waves. In addition, it plays a crucial role in sound visualization technology and meets the requirements of environmental protection, as it is lightweight and made of degradable materials.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiaohui Yu et al.
Summary: In this study, novel conductive composite hydrogels with high stretchability, ultra-softness, excellent conductivity, and good self-healing ability were developed. The hydrogels were formed by incorporating polyaniline nanoparticles (PANI-NPs) into poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate-co-acrylic acid) (P(PEG-co-AA)) scaffolds through dynamically electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds. The PANI-NPs served as conductive fillers, while the enhanced interactions between PANI-NPs and P(PEG-co-AA) matrix imparted high stretchability, low modulus, excellent elasticity, and fast self-healing ability to the hydrogel. The introduction of a binary solvent system also allowed for ideal anti-freezing properties. Composite hydrogel-based sensors were proposed, demonstrating states-independent properties, low detection limit, high linearity, and excellent anti-fatigue performance.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ying Qin et al.
Summary: This article introduces a fully flexible self-powered sweat sensor fabricated from a cellulose-based conductive hydrogel. The sweat sensor has high flexibility, stability, and analytical sensitivity, and can analyze perspiration constituents in real time and wirelessly transmit the results to a user interface.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yu Nie et al.
Summary: This study successfully designed flexible sensors with anti-freezing properties and achieved high anti-freezing capabilities, mechanical strength, and self-healing efficiency through the synthesis of nanocomposite hydrogels. The flexible sensors exhibit fast response time, wide strain detection range, excellent stability, and fatigue resistance, making them suitable for accurate detection of human motion signals even in extreme low temperatures.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Zhenxing Wang et al.
Summary: Inspired by the structure of biological soft tissues, researchers have developed an anisotropic smart electronic skin system. The system combines a cellulose scaffold derived from natural wood with a polyvinyl alcohol/MXene nanosheets network, exhibiting high toughness and excellent conductivity. The e-skin can realize real-time monitoring of human motions and has anti-freezing and moisturizing capabilities.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Samaneh Khodami et al.
Summary: This article introduces a hybrid double-network hydrogel based on synthetic poly(acrylic acid) and natural polymer alginate. The hydrogel has improved mechanical and electrical properties and self-healing ability through chemical and physical crosslinking.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Chen Wang et al.
Summary: Borax-PVA hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties were prepared by physically mixing PVA and borax, forming a three-dimensional structure with boric ester bonds. The hydrogels exhibited reversible gel-sol conversion and self-healing properties, with the best mechanical performance observed at a borax mass fraction of 5%.
JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Zhiwen Zeng et al.
Summary: A conductive supramolecular hydrogel sensor with excellent mechanical properties, conductivity, and sensitivity is fabricated by directly mixing MXene dispersion with NAGA monomer precursor and UV irradiation.
MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Cong Huang et al.
Summary: In this study, a MXene-PAM/SA-Ca2+ double-network (DN) organohydrogel was prepared using a simple method, which achieved high strain sensitivity while maintaining robust mechanical properties. The gel exhibited excellent stretchability, robust fracture strength, and high toughness, as well as anti-drying and low-temperature resistance due to the physical interaction between the components. The organohydrogel-based strain sensor performed outstanding sensitivity and quick response time to external stimuli, making it highly promising for applications in e-skin.
Review
Polymer Science
Vadym Chibrikov et al.
Summary: This review paper presents data on the mechanical properties, assembly, and structural properties of bacterial cellulose and polysaccharides derived from plant cell walls. The research provides valuable knowledge for scientists and professionals from various fields.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ruzhan Qin et al.
Summary: A flexible pressure sensor based on MXene and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with ultra-high sensitivity and wide sensing range has been fabricated, exhibiting a simple preparation process and low cost.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Quinn Prasser et al.
Summary: Although amphiphiles are widely used to modify interfaces, the process of interfacial reorganization remains unclear in many cases. In this study, a block copolymer system with electrostatic interactions was used to investigate the reorganization kinetics of adsorbed micelles at the water/n-decane interface. The results showed that electrostatic interactions slowed down the reorganization process, allowing for the observation of micellar flattening and merging towards a physically interconnected monolayer. The study also demonstrated that the rheological properties of the interface can be manipulated through redox reactions, and the formation of Prussian blue can stiffen the interface.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xianwu Huang et al.
Summary: A facile and efficient assembly strategy is proposed to address the susceptibility to oxidation and mechanical fragility issues of MXene films. The method improves the alignment and compactness of MXene layers while strengthening interlayer interactions, resulting in MXene films with high mechanical strength, excellent electrical conductivity, and remarkable environmental stability.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yan Bai et al.
Summary: In this study, a biocompatible, stretchable, and compressible cellulose/MXene hydrogel was successfully prepared, achieving dual-functional applications as a strain sensor and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuan Zhang et al.
Summary: This study reports a flexible pressure sensor with tough interfaces, which improves the sensitivity and stability of the device by achieving quasi-homogeneous composition and interlinked microconed interfaces. The sensor exhibits exceptional signal stability and can be used in complicated mechanical conditions.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mei Yang et al.
Summary: A high-performance flexible pressure sensor based on MXene/polyurethane (PU)/interdigital electrodes was fabricated using a low-cost spray method. The sensor exhibited ultrahigh sensitivity, fast response speed, recovery speed, and good stability, and it also had self-healing capabilities and tactile feedback function.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiahui Huang et al.
Summary: In this study, a versatile method involving kneading and resting is employed to prepare biomimetic skins with customizable features. Through hand kneading, nanofillers and solvents are dispersed in viscoelastic hydrogel matrices, resulting in improved mechanical properties and new functionalities.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Haoran Cheng et al.
Summary: Phase change materials (PCMs) are ideal for thermal management in miniaturized and integrated electronic devices. However, developing PCMs with efficient thermal management and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding has remained a challenge. In this study, a continuous thermal/conductive network was built on a melamine foam template using magnetized nickel (Ni)/MXene (NiM) through dip-coating, and then polyethylene glycol (PEG) was encapsulated into porous NiM/MF hybrid sponge via vacuum impregnation method. The resulting NiM/PCM exhibited suitable thermal conductivity, high electrical conductivity, excellent EMI shielding effectiveness, as well as outstanding thermal stability and high latent heat storage capabilities.
ADVANCED COMPOSITES AND HYBRID MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xue Yao et al.
Summary: Ionic conductive hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties and versatile characteristics are proposed by incorporating cellulose nanofibrils into a phenylboronic acid-ionic liquid/acrylamide cross-linked network. These hydrogels exhibit remarkable stretchability, toughness, self-healing property, adhesiveness, and transparency, making them promising candidates for constructing gel-based strain sensor platforms.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoming Wang et al.
Summary: MXene-based conductive hydrogels are attractive for flexible wearable sensors, but their stability in aqueous media is a challenge. A stable MXene/gelatin dispersion was prepared to create a high-strength and conductive MXene-composited gelatin (MCG) organohydrogel with excellent properties like environmental stability and self-adhesiveness. The MCG hydrogel is mechanically robust, freeze-resistant, moisture-retaining, self-adhesive, and fully degradable, making it suitable for advanced electronics applications as versatile sensors.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuhang Ye et al.
Summary: This work proposes an interfacial engineering strategy to fabricate a transient conductive hydrogel with well-balanced properties. By using TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils as the interfacial stabilizer, a stable CNF encapsulated liquid metal nanoparticles is synthesized, forming an entirely physically crosslinked PAA-CNF-LMNPs hydrogel. This hydrogel features environmentally friendly fabrication, superb stretchability, satisfied solvent independent conductivity, high strain sensing sensitivity, stable signal transmission, as well as crack insensitive, self-healing, anti-freezing, and transient properties. It is considered a sustainable, durable, and high-performance platform for soft and wearable electronics.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Deshuo Kong et al.
Summary: This paper presents a high-performance strain sensor fabricated from MXene-composited polyvinyl alcohol/sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose (PVA/CMC) double network (DN) hydrogel. The sensor exhibits promising mechanical strength, high sensitivity, and wide operation window due to the reinforcement of tannic acid and the conductive properties of MXene. It also demonstrates accurate response to different types of human motions, showing its potential for stretchable electronic sensors.
ADVANCED COMPOSITES AND HYBRID MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Haiyan Zheng et al.
Summary: This paper introduces a wearable strain sensor based on conductive hydrogels, which has multiple functions and is suitable for wet and underwater environments, with biosafety. The experimental results show that the sensor has good stretchability, skin compliance, antibacterial and biocompatibility properties, and can self-heal without external stimulation. In addition, the sensor can directly adhere to the human body surface and accurately perceive various body movements and small strain physiological signals.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ping Wang et al.
Summary: In order to solve the problem of electromagnetic radiation and interference, researchers improved the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of polymer nanocomposites by preparing three-dimensional lightweight porous carbon nanotube/graphene nanosheet aerogels. These aerogels not only solve the aggregation problem of nanomaterials, but also serve as channels for electronic transmission to attenuate electromagnetic waves.
ADVANCED COMPOSITES AND HYBRID MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Amelia A. Putnam-Neeb et al.
Summary: Incorporating dynamic bonds into polymers creates a new class of materials, covalent adaptable networks (CANs), which combine the reprocessability of thermoplastics with the bulk properties of fully crosslinked networks. These materials can be tuned for thermal and mechanical properties and have self-healing capabilities, making them sustainable alternatives to traditional thermosets.
ADVANCED COMPOSITES AND HYBRID MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Forestry
Zhenxing Wang et al.
Summary: Ti3C2Tx (MXene)/natural wood (NW) composites were successfully prepared and exhibited excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness, providing a new solution to address the issue of radiation pollution.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Daehwan Park et al.
Summary: The study introduces a cellulose-reinforced hybrid hydrogel system that enhances mechanical strength and enables on-demand drug release. By incorporating bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BCNFs) into a polyacrylamide (PAM) mesh, the compression strength of the hydrogel was significantly increased. Additionally, the tailored composition of BCNFs with PAM allowed for delayed drug release compared to PAM alone while enabling drug release in response to mechanical stress.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dongyue Wang et al.
Summary: The paper introduces a self-powered sensor powered by a TENG for detecting ammonia at room temperature, showing excellent response and the potential to monitor pork quality. The sensor exhibits outstanding voltage and current performance, with great application prospects in wearable devices.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zifeng Yang et al.
Summary: By grafting cationic polyelectrolyte brushes onto polydopamine/polyacrylamide hydrogels, the mechanical and antibacterial properties of the hydrogels were enhanced, leading to stable coverage, long-lasting antibacterial effects, and fast wound healing.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Luyu Yang et al.
Summary: The study introduced a novel composite film composed of polydopamine-modified MXene and bacterial cellulose nanofibers, presenting improved properties as a moisture-driven actuator. The actuator showed high conductivity, excellent tensile strength and toughness, as well as being highly sensitive to moisture with fast response and high actuation force output. The research aimed to address the drawbacks of current MXene-based actuators and pave the way for their broader applications as moisture-driven devices.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dongyue Wang et al.
Summary: In this paper, a PVA/Ag nanofibers-based TENG was developed for human respiration, movement, and harmful gas monitoring, achieving high voltage and power density outputs. By integrating a voltage regulator module, stable voltage output from the wind-driven TENG was achieved, providing a feasible solution for different wind conditions. A self-powered sensor system was developed by integrating TENGs and a gas sensor, offering a sustainable detection platform for tracking the source of harmful gases.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shi-Neng Li et al.
Summary: This study successfully developed a hybrid MXene hydrogel with excellent mechanical performance, electrical conductivity, stable temperature adaptability, rapid self-healing feature, and strong adhesion to various substrates, making it suitable for various deformation conditions and environmental applications.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xuran Xu et al.
Summary: In this study, a highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensor based on polypyrrole modified bacterial cellulose nanofiber embedded in natural rubber matrix was developed, showing remarkable sensitivity over a broad strain range. The sensor exhibited stable strain sensing behavior under various human motions, providing more opportunities for the design of effective elastomeric conductors in wearable electronic devices.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Yang Zhang et al.
Summary: The study successfully synthesized a double network hydrogel, which showed improved mechanical properties and conductivity with the addition of lithium chloride, maintaining outstanding performance at extremely low temperatures.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Dongzhi Zhang et al.
Summary: A self-powered high-performance gas sensor based on MXene/Co3O4 composite driven by ZnO/MXene nanowire arrays piezoelectric nanogenerator at room temperature was reported, showing significant response to formaldehyde concentration. The sensor has potential application value for detecting formaldehyde, and the piezoelectric output voltage can drive the sensor effectively.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Qingsen Gao et al.
Summary: In this study, flexible multilayered MXene/thermoplastic polyurethane films were prepared via a simple layer-by-layer spraying technique, showing excellent EMI shielding effectiveness, high electrical conductivity, and outstanding thermal conductivity. The obtained films also demonstrated excellent heating stability, low voltage requirements, and fast response time, making them potential candidates for various applications including de-icing and thermal stealth performance.
ADVANCED COMPOSITES AND HYBRID MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Chao Liu et al.
Summary: Water-based polymers have been widely used in coating materials, but their durability and service life are often greatly reduced due to macroscopic damage or cracking caused by external forces. In this study, AMPBA-PPG and CLP-boroxine were successfully synthesized and used to prepare AMPBA-PPG/WPU composite emulsion and CLP-boroxine/WPU composite film, achieving significant improvements in the self-healing efficiency of the composite coating and the wear resistance of leather coatings.
ADVANCED COMPOSITES AND HYBRID MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Yue Zhang et al.
Summary: The study developed a self-healing PVA/CNTs/graphene hydrogel for stretchable strain and pressure sensors, exhibiting excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. The strain sensor showed outstanding sensitivity and wide detection range in high tensile strain, while maintaining high sensitivity as a pressure sensor.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lijun Yang et al.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jieyu Huang et al.
ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Yingchao Wang et al.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Meili Song et al.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jung Wook Kim et al.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jonny J. Blaker et al.
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
(2014)