4.5 Article

Effects of Moderate Exercise Training on Cancer-Induced Muscle Wasting

期刊

HEALTHCARE
卷 11, 期 19, 页码 -

出版社

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192652

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breast tumor; exercise training; gastrocnemius; soleus; cancer-induced muscle wasting

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The purpose of this study is to determine the severity of cancer-induced muscle wasting in different types of muscles and to investigate whether exercise training can attenuate this muscle dysfunction. The results showed that the cross-sectional area of the gastrocnemius muscle in sedentary tumor-bearing animals significantly decreased, and interstitial fibrosis increased. Exercise training was found to prevent this muscle dysfunction.
Background: Muscle wasting is a common phenomenon in oncology and seems to be attenuated by exercise training. The aim of this study is to determine the degree of aggressiveness of cancer-induced muscle wasting in two different phenotypic muscles. It will also determine whether exercise training can attenuate this muscle dysfunction. Methods: Fifty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: two breast cancer model groups (sedentary and exercise) and two control groups (sedentary and exercise). Breast cancer was induced by 1-methyl-1-nitrosoureia (MNU). After 35 weeks of endurance training, animals were sacrificed, and gastrocnemius and soleus muscles harvested for morphometric analysis. Results: In sedentary tumor-bearing animals, a significant reduction in cross-sectional area was found in both muscles (p < 0.05). Interstitial fibrosis was significantly higher in the gastrocnemius muscle of the sedentary tumor-bearing animals (p < 0.05), but not in the soleus muscle. In the gastrocnemius of sedentary tumor-bearing animals, a shift from large to small fibers was observed. This cancer-related muscle dysfunction was prevented by long-term exercise training. Conclusions: In sedentary animals with tumors, the gastrocnemius muscle showed a very pronounced reduction in cross-sectional area and a marked degree of interstitial fibrosis. There was no difference in collagen deposition between tumor groups, and the soleus muscle showed a less pronounced but significant reduction in cross-sectional area. These contrasting results confirm that cancer-induced muscle wasting can affect specific types of fibers and specific muscles, namely fast glycolytic muscles, and that exercise training can be used to improve it.

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