Antibacterial Properties of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Modified with Fluoroquinolones and Copper or Silver Species

Antibiotic resistance is a global problem and bacterial biofilms contribute to its development. In this context, this study aimed to perform the synthesis and characterization of seven materials based on silica mesoporous nanoparticles functionalized with three types of fluoroquinolones, along with Cu2+ or Ag+ species to evaluate the antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including clinical and multi-drug-resistant strains of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. In addition, in order to obtain an effective material to promote wound healing, a well-known proliferative agent, phenytoin sodium, was adsorbed onto one of the silver-functionalized materials. Furthermore, biofilm studies and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also carried out to determine the antibacterial potential of the synthesized materials. In this sense, the Cu2+ materials showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, potentially due to increased ROS generation (up to 3 times), whereas the Ag+ materials exhibited a broader spectrum of activity, even inhibiting clinical strains of MRSA and P. aeruginosa. In particular, the Ag+ material with phenytoin sodium showed the ability to reduce biofilm development by up to 55% and inhibit bacterial growth in a wound-like medium by up to 89.33%.

Automated summary

Antibiotic resistance is a global problem, and this study aimed to synthesize and characterize seven materials based on silica mesoporous nanoparticles functionalized with fluoroquinolones, Cu2+ or Ag+ species. The antibacterial properties of these materials were evaluated against different strains including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Ag+ materials exhibited a broader spectrum of antibacterial activity, inhibiting even multi-drug resistant strains, and the material with phenytoin sodium showed potential in reducing biofilm development and inhibiting bacterial growth.