☆ 4.7 Review

Might Gut Microbiota Be a Target for a Personalized Therapeutic Approach in Patients Affected by Atherosclerosis Disease?

JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE (2023)

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The Role of the Gut Microbiome and Trimethylamine Oxide in Atherosclerosis and Age-Related Disease

Racha El Hage et al.

Summary: The gut microbiome, particularly its dysbiosis, has a significant impact on human health and disease development. Modulating the gut microbiome has potential for disease prevention and treatment. Dysbiosis increases with age, contributing to gut barrier dysfunction and the release of harmful metabolites such as trimethylamine (TMA). TMA, derived from animal-based food, is oxidized to trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) in the liver and has been associated with several age-related conditions, including peripheral artery disease and vascular aging. Probiotics and prebiotics have shown promise in reducing TMAO levels and atherosclerotic lesions by remodeling the gut microbiota. However, the precise mechanisms and treatments targeting gut dysbiosis and microbiota-derived TMAO in atherosclerosis require further investigation.

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Neither Trimethylamine-N-Oxide nor Trimethyllysine Is Associated with Atherosclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older Japanese Adults

Jubo Bhuiya et al.

Summary: Recent evidence suggests that trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of L-carnitine and choline, is linked to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. However, Japanese people who consume lots of fish, which is high in TMAO, show a low risk of atherosclerosis. This study found that TMAO was not a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis in elderly Japanese people, while a low level of trimethyllysine (TML) might be a potential risk. L-carnitine may be a marker for atherosclerosis in women.

NUTRIENTS (2023)

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Association of Gut Microbiota and Diabetes Mellitus

T. Sowmiya et al.

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Nervous System: A Bidirectional Interaction between Microorganisms and Metabolome

Monica Montagnani et al.

Summary: Several studies have shown that the gut microbiota has an influence on behavior, and changes in the immune system associated with symptoms of depression or anxiety disorder may be reflected in corresponding changes in the gut microbiota. However, there is currently no accurate epidemiological evidence explaining the connection between central nervous system (CNS) pathology and intestinal dysbiosis.

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Meng Wang et al.

Summary: Obesity is closely related to the occurrence and development of various cancers. Patients with obesity and cancer exhibit disorders in gut microbiota and metabolism, which may hinder the physiological immune response to tumors and potentially harm immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Bariatric surgery, a recognized effective long-term weight loss strategy, can induce beneficial changes in the gut microbiota. Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), inosine bile acids, and spermidine, have been found to play a significant role in anticancer immunity. This review examines the alterations in microbial metabolites caused by bariatric surgery and discusses their effects on anticancer immunity, aiming to clarify the relationship between these alterations and the effectiveness of cancer treatment while providing strategies for the development of microbial metabolites that mimic the benefits of bariatric surgery to enhance therapeutic outcomes in non-bariatric surgery cancer patients.

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About Functional Foods: The Probiotics and Prebiotics State of Art

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Summary: Poor diet, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle have a significant impact on natural microbiota disorders, especially the intestinal one, leading to organ dysfunctions. The gut microbiota, which consists of over 500 species of bacteria and contributes to the host's resistance to diseases, has fueled the growing market of functional foods containing probiotics and prebiotics. Advances in DNA sequencing technologies have allowed in-depth characterization of the gut microbiota and its connection to human health and diseases. This study provides a comprehensive investigation of the association between functional foods and the composition of the intestinal microbiota, serving as a foundation for future research in this field.

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The Role of Phytochemicals and Gut Microbiome in Atherosclerosis in Preclinical Mouse Models

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Bing Deng et al.

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Xuena La et al.

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CURRENT CARDIOLOGY REPORTS (2014)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

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ATHEROSCLEROSIS (2013)

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Task force on: 'Early markers of atherosclerosis: influence of age and sex'

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Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis

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Role of the gut microbiota in health and chronic gastrointestinal disease: understanding a hidden metabolic organ

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THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY (2013)

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Lipopolysaccharide induces IFN-gamma production in human NK cells

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FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2013)

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PLOS BIOLOGY (2012)

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CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN (2011)

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CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN (2011)

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Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease

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Human oral, gut, and plaque microbiota in patients with atherosclerosis

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2011)

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Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora

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