The Multifaceted Role of Osteopontin in Prostate Pathologies

The prostate gland, located beneath the bladder and surrounding the proximal urethra in men, plays a vital role in reproductive physiology and sexual health. Despite its importance, the prostate is vulnerable to various pathologies, including prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). Osteopontin (OPN), a versatile protein involved in wound healing, inflammatory responses, and fibrotic diseases, has been implicated in all three prostate conditions. The role of OPN in prostatic pathophysiology, affecting both benign and malignant prostate conditions, is significant. Current evidence strongly suggests that OPN is expressed at a higher level in prostate cancer and promotes tumor progression and aggressiveness. Conversely, OPN is primarily secreted by macrophages and foam cells in benign prostate conditions and provokes inflammation and fibrosis. This review discusses the accumulating evidence on the role of OPN in prostatic diseases, cellular sources, and potential roles while also highlighting areas for future investigations.

Automated summary

The prostate gland is crucial for reproductive physiology and sexual health in men, but it is susceptible to pathologies such as prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate cancer. Osteopontin (OPN), a versatile protein involved in wound healing and inflammatory responses, has been implicated in all three conditions. OPN is expressed at higher levels in prostate cancer, promoting tumor progression and aggressiveness, while in benign conditions, it provokes inflammation and fibrosis. This review discusses the role and cellular sources of OPN in prostate diseases, as well as potential future investigations.