4.7 Review

Animal Models of Hypertension (ISIAH Rats), Catatonia (GC Rats), and Audiogenic Epilepsy (PM Rats) Developed by Breeding

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Summary: The main effect of arginase inhibition with L-norvaline is a decrease in blood pressure. However, L-norvaline also causes various side effects in normotensive and hypertensive animals. In our experiments, L-norvaline was administered intraperitoneally to normotensive WAG rats and hypertensive ISIAH rats for 7 days. In the hypertensive rats, the decrease in blood pressure was accompanied by an increase in diuresis, while in the normotensive rats, diuresis remained unchanged or slightly changed. Additionally, hypertensive rats showed an increase in catecholamine content in the adrenal glands, while normotensive animals showed a decrease. The differential effects of norvaline may be related to the different mechanisms of blood pressure regulation in normotensive and hypertensive animals, with increased diuresis potentially contributing to the hypotensive effects in hypertension.

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Genes Associated with Increased Stress Sensitivity in Hypertensive ISIAH Rats

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Summary: Inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension (ISIAH) rats have increased stress reactivity, and the study found nine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the X-chromosome locus associated with an elevated stress susceptibility in ISIAH rats. The most likely candidate gene in this locus was the Sms gene, encoding spermine synthase.

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Summary: According to multiple studies, the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) among adult mental inpatients ranges from 2.4% to 9.9%. This case report highlights the importance of timely identification of ASD to prevent the development of mental illness trajectory and improve prognosis. It also suggests a continuum between ASD and catatonia.

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Stress Reactivity, Susceptibility to Hypertension, and Differential Expression of Genes in Hypertensive Compared to Normotensive Patients

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Summary: The genetic control of behavior in ISIAH rats with inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension was investigated. Genome scanning revealed loci associated with various behavioral traits. Common loci associated with both behavior and previously studied traits that can influence behavior were also identified. These findings contribute to the functional annotation of the rat genome.

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Summary: This case report discusses the association between epilepsy and psychosis and presents the observation of a 52-year-old man with complex focal epilepsy who exhibited auditory and visual hallucinations and behavioral disorders. The discussion highlights that psychotic symptoms in epilepsy can occur during intercritical, post-critical, or alternative periods and may be associated with schizophreniform disorder.

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In vivo hypotensive effect of aminosilanol-based nanocomposites bearing antisense oligonucleotides

Asya Levina et al.

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Identification of Hypothalamic Long Noncoding RNAs Associated with Hypertension and the Behavior/Neurological Phenotype of Hypertensive ISIAH Rats

Larisa A. Fedoseeva et al.

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Evan Thomas Johnson et al.

Summary: The neurobiological underpinnings of catatonia have recently gained attention. Catatonia commonly occurs in mood disorders, neurological disorders, and systemic illnesses. This study found that while benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy are standard treatments for catatonia, some patients do not respond to them. However, the detection of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and subsequent treatment with corticosteroids led to a dramatic resolution of catatonia in three women with pre-existing bipolar disorder.

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Summary: Catatonic features can appear in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), affecting around 10.4% of ASD patients, commonly males. Treatment options include benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) with promising results in managing catatonic symptoms. Longitudinal studies are needed to further understand the relationship between catatonia and ASD.

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