Curcumin/L-OHP co-loaded HAP for cGAS-STING pathway activation to enhance the natural immune response in colorectal cancer

Article Oncology

First-Line Nivolumab Plus Low-Dose Ipilimumab for Microsatellite Instability-High/Mismatch Repair-Deficient Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The Phase II CheckMate 142 Study

Heinz-Josef Lenz et al.

Summary: Nivolumab plus low-dose ipilimumab demonstrated robust and durable clinical benefit and was well tolerated as a first-line treatment for MSI-H/dMMR mCRC.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Cocktail strategy based on a dual function nanoparticle and immune activator for effective tumor suppressive

Qian Li et al.

Summary: This study discovered and synthesized BCP nanoparticles that effectively reduce tumor cell metabolism and inhibit cell proliferation. These nanoparticles also activate the innate immunity of tumor cells and significantly enhance tumor inhibition when combined with STING agonists.

JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Tumor-Microenvironment-Responsive Nanomedicine for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy

Shaojun Peng et al.

Summary: Cancer immunotherapy has made great progress in the past decades, but challenges such as low patient response rates and potential immune-related adverse events persist. Tumor-microenvironment (TME)-responsive nanomedicine has shown promise in amplifying immune responses in a specific and localized manner within tumor tissue, leading to increased patient response rates and reduced immune-related side effects.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles promote mitochondrial-based pyroptosis via activating calcium homeostasis and redox imbalance in vascular smooth muscle cells

Yubin Xia et al.

Summary: This study comprehensively characterized the adverse biological effects and mechanism of action of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP) on vascular smooth muscle cells. It was found that HAP induces calcium homeostasis imbalance and oxidative stress, leading to cell death and enhancing vascular calcification. In addition, in vivo experiments demonstrated that HAP accumulates in the kidneys and causes kidney damage.

NANOTECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Oncology

Exploring immunotherapy in colorectal cancer

Junyong Weng et al.

Summary: Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade has shown progress in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), although its effectiveness is limited. This review summarizes treatment strategies, discusses the mechanism and application of immune checkpoint blockade in mCRC treatment, and provides the latest research and clinical trial results.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Improved immunotherapy for gastric cancer by nanocomposites with capability of triggering Dual-Damage of Nuclear/Mitochondrial DNA and cGAS/STING-Mediated innate immunity

Weihong Guo et al.

Summary: This study constructed organic silica nanoparticles containing platinum nanoparticles and a photosensitizer, which can enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy in gastric cancer by activating signaling pathways.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2022)

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Review Oncology

Deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite unstable colorectal cancer: Diagnosis, prognosis and treatment

Julien Taieb et al.

Summary: Microsatellite unstable colorectal cancers are characterized by DNA mismatch repair deficiency and have prognostic and predictive implications. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown remarkable effectiveness in this type of cancer, but resistance remains a challenge.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER (2022)

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Review Food Science & Technology

The enzyme-modified comet assay: Past, present and future

Damian Muruzabal et al.

Summary: The enzyme-modified comet assay has been developed to detect various types of DNA lesions beyond the standard version, and has applications in human biomonitoring, environmental toxicology, genotoxicity testing, and basic research. Twelve enzymes have been employed, with some being extensively used while others less so. Additional enzymes could potentially expand the range of detectable DNA lesions and play a crucial role in understanding the mechanism of genotoxins.

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A Multichannel Ca2+ Nanomodulator for Multilevel Mitochondrial Destruction-Mediated Cancer Therapy

Pan Zheng et al.

Summary: This study presents a multichannel calcium ion nanomodulator that enhances mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer therapy, resulting in effective tumor inhibition. After systemic administration, the nanomodulator selectively accumulates in tumor tissues, providing targeted treatment.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Oncology

Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries

Hyuna Sung et al.

Summary: The global cancer burden in 2020 saw an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths. Female breast cancer surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer, while lung cancer remained the leading cause of cancer death. These trends are expected to rise in 2040, with transitioning countries experiencing a larger increase compared to transitioned countries due to demographic changes and risk factors associated with globalization and a growing economy. Efforts to improve cancer prevention measures and provision of cancer care in transitioning countries will be crucial for global cancer control.

CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS (2021)

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Review Oncology

Cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer and the association with chemotherapy resistance

Xue Lei et al.

Summary: The high incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer are mainly due to drug resistance developed by patients after long-term conventional treatment, which is associated with the presence of cancer stem cells. Studying the characteristic surface markers of CSCs and their mechanisms of drug resistance can lead to better targeted therapy.

MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Graphene oxide (GO)-based nanosheets with combined chemo/photothermal/photodynamic therapy to overcome gastric cancer (GC) paclitaxel resistance by reducing mitochondria-derived adenosine-triphosphate (ATP)

Weihong Guo et al.

Summary: The study developed a drug delivery system with potential to reverse drug resistance, enhancing anti-tumor effects on gastric cancer through photothermal therapy, effectively inhibiting P-gp's efflux pump function.

JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Mitochondrial DNA leakage induces odontoblast inflammation via the cGAS-STING pathway

Lu Zhou et al.

Summary: This study identified the role of mtDNA as an inflammatory driver in odontoblasts, which defended against bacterial invasion through the cGAS-STING pathway. The findings suggest that targeting the mtDNA-cGAS-STING axis could be a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing severe bacterial inflammation in pulpitis.

CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Ki-67 gene expression

Sigrid Uxa et al.

Summary: Ki-67, a marker for cancer, is controlled by the expression of the MKI67 gene during the cell cycle. The interaction between DREAM, B-MYB-MuvB, FOXM1-MuvB, and RB plays a role in cell cycle-dependent transcription and transcriptional repression following p53 activation.

CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Medicinal

Therapeutic effect of curcumin in gastrointestinal cancers: A comprehensive review

Korosh Morshedi et al.

Summary: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers have a high global prevalence and are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Curcumin, a naturally occurring compound with documented safety and anticancer activities, shows promise in the treatment of GI cancers but is limited by its low solubility and chemical stability in water. Strategies such as using analogues or novel delivery systems may help overcome these limitations for more effective clinical applications.

PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

Autophagy and Mitochondrial Homeostasis During Infection: A Double-Edged Sword

Sutian Wang et al.

Summary: Autophagy, an essential biological process that affects immunity, plays a crucial role in defending against infections. The crosstalk between autophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis is important during infection processes.

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Immunology