期刊
NATURE PHYSICS
卷 12, 期 11, 页码 1032-+出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/NPHYS3805
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资金
- sp2 program (STM measurement and instrumentation) - Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- National Science Foundation [DMR-1206512]
- STC Center for Integrated Quantum Materials, NSF Grant [DMR-1231319]
- Department of Defense (DoD) through the National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG) Program [32 CFR 168a]
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1206512] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Electrostatic confinement of charge carriers in graphene is governed by Klein tunnelling, a relativistic quantum process in which particle-hole transmutation leads to unusual anisotropic transmission at p-n junction boundaries(1-5). Reflection and transmission at these boundaries affect the quantum interference of electronic waves, enabling the formation of novel quasi-bound states(6-12). Here we report the use of scanning tunnelling microscopy to map the electronic structure of Dirac fermions confined in quantum dots defined by circular graphene p-n junctions. The quantum dots were fabricated using a technique involving local manipulation of defect charge within the insulating substrate beneath a graphene monolayer(13). Inside such graphene quantum dots we observe resonances due to quasi-bound states and directly visualize the quantum interference patterns arising from these states. Outside the quantum dots Dirac fermions exhibit Friedel oscillation-like behaviour. Bolstered by a theoretical model describing relativistic particles in a harmonic oscillator potential, our findings yield insights into the spatial behaviour of electrostatically confined Dirac fermions.
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