Mathematical analysis of MHD hybrid nanofluid flow with variable viscosity and slip conditions over a stretching surface

There are number of real-world uses for hybrid nanofluids. Studies have shown that hybrid nanofluid is better at transferring heat than nanofluid with only one type of nanoparticle. It can be used in new ways, like in microfluidics, dynamic sealing, heat dissipation, and so on. The use of hybrid nanofluids in MHD flow over a stretching surface with varying viscosity can enhance heat transfer rates. This has various applications in in-dustries such as, cooling systems in electronics, thermal management in aerospace, and energy system. But the properties of boundary layer flow and rate of heat transfer for hybrid nanofluids could be studied more in a space with more dimensions and with other physical assumptions around the flow of fluids. The current study's major purpose is to investigate the flow of a three-dimensional hybrid nanofluid over a stretched sheet as its viscosity changes. Furthermore, the effects of the Smoluchowski temperature and Maxwell velocity slip boundary con-ditions are considered. Hybrid nanofluid was created by dispersing copper (Cu) and alumina (Al2O3) nano-particles in a base fluid (H2O). Similarity variables are employed to transform a set of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) that govern fluid flow and heat transfer into a system of higher-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The RKF method in Mathematica solves the higher-order nonlinear ODEs. Graphical analyses and in-depth discussions examine how leading variables affect velocity and temperature profiles. The expressions for skin friction and local Nusselt number are explicitly formulated, and graphs illus-trate the variations of these two quantities across different parameter values. When velocity slip parameter goes up, velocity profile f & PRIME;(& eta;) goes down, and the temperature profile & theta;(& eta;) also goes down when the temperature slip parameter goes up. As the velocity slip parameter goes up, skin friction goes down, while the Nusselt number goes up as the temperature slip parameter goes up. When results of this study are compared to some of results that have already been published, they are found to be very interesting as heat transfer increases due to the impacts of physical parameters.

Automated summary

There are various real-world uses for hybrid nanofluids, including microfluidics, dynamic sealing, and heat dissipation. The use of hybrid nanofluids in MHD flow over a stretching surface with varying viscosity can enhance heat transfer rates in industries such as electronics cooling, aerospace thermal management, and energy systems. However, further studies are needed to explore the properties of hybrid nanofluids in boundary layer flow and heat transfer rates under different physical assumptions.