An insight into the temporal dynamics in the gut microbiome, metabolite signaling, immune response, and barrier function in suckling and weaned piglets under production conditions

Article Microbiology

Increased Proportion of Fiber-Degrading Microbes and Enhanced Cecum Development Jointly Promote Host To Digest Appropriate High-Fiber Diets

Guang Pu et al.

Summary: Appropriate high fiber diet promotes intestinal development and fiber digestion, while excessive fiber diet increases the abundance of pathogenic bacteria and decreases fiber digestion.

MSYSTEMS (2023)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Creep Feeding and Weaning Influence the Postnatal Evolution of the Plasma Metabolome in Neonatal Piglets

Barbara U. U. Metzler-Zebeli et al.

Summary: Data on the evolution of blood metabolites and metabolic markers in neonatal piglets are scarce. This study aimed to characterize the changes in plasma metabolome and serum biochemistry of suckling and newly weaned piglets and assess metabolite patterns as physiological markers for the two phases. The results showed that plasma triglycerides were discriminative for age and nutrition in the suckling phase, while metabolites belonging to pathways within histidine, D-glutamine, and D-glutamate metabolism as well as hippuric acid were distinctive for the postweaning period.

METABOLITES (2023)

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Article Microbiology

Age influences the temporal dynamics of microbiome and antimicrobial resistance genes among fecal bacteria in a cohort of production pigs

Tara N. N. Gaire et al.

Summary: The pig's fecal microbiome and antimicrobial resistance genes vary in quantity and type as the animal ages during the production cycle. The fecal microbial communities in piglets rapidly form after birth and become more diverse with age. The quantity of antimicrobial resistance genes is highest in piglets at 2 days old and decreases over time.

ANIMAL MICROBIOME (2023)

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Review Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

Role of milk carbohydrates in intestinal health of nursery pigs: a review

Ki Beom Jang et al.

Summary: Intestinal health is crucial for pigs' resistance to diseases and nutrient digestion and absorption. Milk carbohydrates, particularly lactose and oligosaccharides, play vital roles in the intestinal development and functions of nursery pigs. Lactose is a highly digestible energy source, while milk oligosaccharides are bioactive compounds that modulate intestinal immunity and microbiota. The appropriate feeding levels of lactose may vary depending on factors such as weaning age, body weight, or genetic lines.

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

In Vitro Gut Fermentation of Whey Protein Hydrolysate: An Evaluation of Its Potential Modulation on Infant Gut Microbiome

Chunsong Feng et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the potential effect of whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) on the infant gut microbiome. The results showed that WPH had a positive modulation on the gut microbiota, increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and promoting the growth of probiotics. This could benefit the energy balance and metabolism of infants.

NUTRIENTS (2022)

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Article Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

Exposure to plant-oriented microbiome altered jejunal and colonic innate immune response and barrier function more strongly in suckling than in weaned piglets

Frederike Lerch et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the immediate effect of exposing the jejunal and colonic mucosa to a plant-based microbiome on the mucosal structure, secretory response, and permeability in piglets before and after weaning. The results showed that the plant-based microbiome stimulated the host's secretory response, altered the gut structure, and decreased epithelial integrity, with effects being less strong postweaning.

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Microbiology

An insight into the commercial piglet's microbial gut colonization: from birth towards weaning

Mireia Saladrigas-Garcia et al.

Summary: This study investigated the development of piglet gut microbiota from birth to weaning in commercial conditions, highlighting the impact of age on microbial diversity and the influence of farm environment on microbiota composition. Results showed a succession of microbial groups towards a more homogeneous ecosystem with increasing age, and differences in microbial colonization patterns and specific taxa between farms.

ANIMAL MICROBIOME (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Anti-inflammatory effects of NaB and NaPc in Acinetobacter baumannii-stimulated THP-1 cells via TLR-2/NF-κB/ROS/NLRP3 pathway

Chen Shu et al.

Summary: This study found that sodium butyrate and sodium propionate can significantly inhibit the inflammation induced by Acinetobacter baumannii in THP-1 cells, with the inhibitory effect being in the order of sodium butyrate > sodium propionate > sodium acetate. These SCFAs may inhibit inflammation through the TLR-2/NF-kappa B/ROS/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (2022)

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Article Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

Effects of dietary red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) on growth performance, blood profile, ileal morphology, and oxidative status in weaned pigs challenged with Escherichia coli K88+

Bonjin Koo et al.

Summary: The study found that inclusion of red-osier dogwood in nursery diets enhanced the antioxidative defense system and intestinal morphology, showing comparable effects with antimicrobial growth promoter supplementation.

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

Impact of litter size, supplementary milk replacer and housing on the body composition of piglets from hyper-prolific sows at weaning

C. Kobek-Kjeldager et al.

Summary: Increasing the number of piglets per litter reduces average daily weight gain and body fat percentage. The main factor affecting piglet body fat is the frequency of suckling, while milk replacer intake falls between high and low suckling frequencies in terms of body fat and water content.

ANIMAL (2021)

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Review Microbiology

Cells within cells: Rickettsiales and the obligate intracellular bacterial lifestyle

Jeanne Salje

Summary: This paragraph provides an overview of the Rickettsiales group of obligate intracellular vector-borne Gram-negative bacteria, discussing their biology and interactions with host cells. It focuses on pathogenic species or those important for human health, detailing genomic information, bacterial cell biology, intracellular lifestyles, and immune response evasion mechanisms. Salje describes key features of pathogenic Rickettsiales species and their molecular interactions with mammalian host cells.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Impact of early-life feeding on local intestinal microbiota and digestive system development in piglets

R. Choudhury et al.

Summary: Early feeding has a significant impact on the colon microbiota of piglets, while no effect was seen in the jejunal and ileal microbiota. Early-fed piglets showed decreased pH in the caecum and colon, along with increased short-chain fatty acid concentrations. Additionally, early feeding altered the weights and lengths of intestinal tract segments, as well as the villus-crypt ratio in jejunal mucosa and the abundance of proliferative cells in colon mucosa.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Review Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

Using Nutritional Strategies to Shape the Gastro-Intestinal Tracts of Suckling and Weaned Piglets

Anne M. S. Huting et al.

Summary: Piglet mortality and morbidity in large litters are a major welfare concern and economic losses globally. Nutritional interventions before and after weaning can modulate gut development, reducing the risk of gastro-intestinal problems. Early-life nutrition has the potential to modulate gut health in the long-term.

ANIMALS (2021)

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Review Microbiology

Timely Control of Gastrointestinal Eubiosis: A Strategic Pillar of Pig Health

Paolo Trevisi et al.

Summary: This article highlights the factors affecting the gut microbial balance in young pigs, such as birth and weaning body weight, genetic background, environmental stressors, antibiotic use, and diet composition. However, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the impact of certain factors on the gut microbiome of piglets, including weaning age, use of creep feed, colostrum and milk composition, and antibiotic use. Additionally, there is limited understanding of the functional modification of the microbiota essential for manipulating pig physiology.

MICROORGANISMS (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Intestinal Barrier in Human Health and Disease

Natalia Di Tommaso et al.

Summary: The intestinal mucosa acts as a protective barrier for nutrient absorption, consisting of epithelial cells, immune cells, and gut microbiota. Disruption of this barrier by pathogens, xenobiotics, or food can lead to systemic inflammation and tissue damage. Genetic, immune factors, and changes in gut microbiota composition are key factors in gut barrier dysfunction, underlying metabolic diseases and autoimmunity.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

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Article Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

Short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acid profiles and signaling is responsive to dietary phytase and lactic acid treatment of cereals along the gastrointestinal tract of growing pigs

Barbara U. Metzler-Zebeli et al.

Summary: This pilot study investigated the gastrointestinal fatty acid profiles and receptor distribution in pigs, revealing regional differences in SCFA, lactate, and LCFA sensing and absorption capacities in the small and large intestines. The study also demonstrated the effects of dietary interventions on intestinal fatty acid levels and signaling, with potential explanations provided for these effects based on differences in nutrient flows. These findings provide a foundation for future research on intestinal fatty acid sensing in pigs.

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

The Effect of Feeding Liquid or Dry Creep Feed on Growth Performance, Feed Disappearance, Enzyme Activity and Number of Eaters in Suckling Piglets

Nanna Byrgesen et al.

Summary: This study examined the effects of different creep feed options on piglets' growth performance and enzyme activity before weaning, finding that piglets fed dry feed displayed higher enzyme activity and weight gain, while liquid feed increased dry matter disappearance.

ANIMALS (2021)

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Article Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

Postnatal development of gut microbial activity and their importance for jejunal motility in piglets

Barbara U. Metzler-Zebeli et al.

Summary: Research on intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in neonatal piglets is limited, but this study found that SCFA can be detected in feces and play an important role in intestinal development and function in the early days of life. Creep feeding promotes fermentation in the distal colon, which may benefit gut homeostasis.

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Identification of mucin degraders of the human gut microbiota

Stefano Raimondi et al.

Summary: The study investigated gut mucin degraders of healthy subjects and found that various bacteria exhibited different metabolic capabilities and effects on the intestines when utilizing mucins.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Bacteroidota and Lachnospiraceae integration into the gut microbiome at key time points in early life are linked to infant neurodevelopment

Kaitlyn Oliphant et al.

Summary: The study investigated the association between gut microbiome succession and head circumference growth in preterm infants, finding that depletion of Bacteroidota and Lachnospiraceae was associated with suboptimal neurodevelopment. Early integration of these core taxa is crucial for optimal neurodevelopment.

GUT MICROBES (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology