4.6 Review

The Role of Cholangioscopy in Biliary Diseases

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Summary: All treatments except mechanical lithotripsy were more effective than sphincterotomy in terms of stone removal rate. Cholangioscopy ranked the highest in increasing the success rate of stone removal, followed by S+EPLBD. None of the interventions showed significant differences in adverse event rates.

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Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the short-term efficiency of percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) in managing biliary complications following liver transplantation. Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 25 patients who received therapeutic PTCS revealed that PTCS was successful in treating biliary complications, with significant improvement in clinical manifestations. PTCS was more effective in tackling anastomotic strictures and cholangiolithiasis.
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Summary: A convolutional neural network (CNN) model developed solely using cholangioscopy images has been found to have greater accuracy for classifying biliary strictures compared to traditional ERCP-based sampling techniques. The CNN showed good performance in mimicking expert annotations of high-quality malignant images, and its overall accuracy in video analysis was significantly higher than brush cytology or forceps biopsy sampling. The study also identified common image features associated with malignant biliary strictures.

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Summary: The study demonstrated that peroral cholangioscopy with intraductal lithotripsy is a relatively safe and effective modality for difficult biliary stones. The overall stone fragmentation success rate was high, with laser lithotripsy showing advantages in single-session fragmentation rate and procedure time compared to electrohydraulic lithotripsy.

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