Evaluation of Structural, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Properties of Co2+-Substituted NiCuZn Ferrites

We report citrate gel-assisted autocombusted spinel-type Co(2+)substituted NiCuZn ferrites and their electromagnetic properties. Several complementary techniques were used to investigate the influence of Co on structural and electromagnetic properties of Ni0.25-xCoxCu0.20Zn0.55Fe2O4 with x = 0.00-0.25 (step of 0.05). XRD analysis confirmed the highly crystalline single-phase cubic spinel structure with a prominent peak of the (311) plane. FE-SEM analysis showed the loss of porous gel structure (colloidal backbone) due to addition of cobalt into the present ferrite system. The EDAX analysis confirmed the presence of Ni, Cu, Zn, Co, and O in accordance with the relative stoichiometry of Co-substituted NiCuZn ferrite. The electrical resistivity of ferrites is observed to decrease when Co2+ ions are substituted, regardless of AC and DC. The dielectric properties (epsilon' and epsilon '') of ferrites exhibited a consistent decrease as the frequency increased, and this trend persisted even at higher frequencies. VSM analysis showed the normal magnetic hysteresis of the developed ferrite system. At x = 0.05, the saturation magnetization of the ferrite was obtained to be the highest among the other substitution levels of Co. The Curie temperature fell down when there was a higher concentration of cobalt in the ferrite system (x = 0.20). After reaching a specific temperature, the mu(i) values decreased abruptly, with an increase in the temperature. The steady state may be deduced from the fact that the constant real component of the initial permeability, mu', remained unchanged. However, with decreasing frequency, the values of mu ''. decreased dramatically. The present NiCuZn ferrite series displays the enhanced dielectric properties suggesting the capability of potential candidates for microwave absorption applications with enhanced electromagnetic properties.

Automated summary

We investigated the effect of cobalt substitution on the structural and electromagnetic properties of citrate gel-assisted autocombusted spinel-type NiCuZn ferrite. XRD analysis confirmed the single-phase cubic spinel structure. The addition of cobalt led to the loss of the porous gel structure. The resistivity of the ferrite decreased with cobalt substitution. The dielectric properties showed a consistent decrease with increasing frequency. VSM analysis revealed the magnetic hysteresis of the ferrite system. The NiCuZn ferrite series displayed enhanced dielectric properties, suggesting potential applications in microwave absorption.