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Article
Immunology
Tongai G. Maponga et al.
Summary: A 22-year-old woman with uncontrolled advanced HIV infection was persistently infected with the SARS-CoV-2 beta variant for 9 months, accumulating over 20 additional mutations. Antiretroviral therapy effectively suppressed HIV and cleared SARS-CoV-2 within 6 to 9 weeks. Increased vigilance is necessary to benefit individuals and prevent the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Julie Boucau et al.
Summary: We enrolled 7 individuals who experienced recurrent symptoms or antigen test conversion after treatment with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir. High viral loads were detected after rebound, lasting a median of 17 days after initial diagnosis. Three individuals had culturable virus for up to 16 days after initial diagnosis. No known resistance-associated mutations were found.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Aaron F. Carlin et al.
Summary: A patient with recurrent coronavirus disease 2019 after nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment was found to have a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) BA.2 variant. Antiviral sensitivity and neutralizing antibody testing revealed that neither nirmatrelvir resistance nor absence of neutralizing immunity was the likely cause of the recurrence.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Letter
Immunology
Ola Blennow et al.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Malgorzata Mikulska et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of combination therapy in immunocompromised patients with prolonged/relapsed COVID-19. The results showed that the use of two antiviral drugs (remdesivir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) and anti-spike monoclonal antibodies had a high response rate in patients with prolonged/relapsed COVID-19.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Caitlin A. Trottier et al.
Summary: The management of patients with prolonged viral shedding and COVID-19 symptoms is still unclear. This study presents a case of successful treatment of a patient with persistent, symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and associated organizing pneumonia using an extended course of combination antiviral therapy.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
John Hogan et al.
Summary: This article describes the first cases of independently acquired V792I RNA-dependent RNA polymerase mutation in renal transplant recipients after exposure to remdesivir. The findings underscore the need for enhanced efforts to identify concerning mutations and address their clinical implications.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Ana Belkin et al.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Emily S. Ford et al.
Summary: This case study describes a patient with B-cell ALL and SARS-CoV-2 who experienced persistent pneumonia and viremia despite various treatments, but achieved full recovery with a combination therapy of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and remdesivir.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Davide Marangoni et al.
Summary: Despite the availability of effective vaccines and drugs against SARS-CoV-2, immunocompromised patients still have unpredictable courses of COVID-19. Combination antiviral regimens may be useful, but current knowledge is limited. This study describes a successful case of using oral antivirals (molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) to treat a 73-year-old patient with persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection. A scoping review also supports the potential use of combination therapy in difficult-to-treat COVID-19 cases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Pilar Martinez-Barranco et al.
Summary: This study analyzed 5 patients with follicular lymphoma previously treated with immunochemotherapy who developed multiple episodes of COVID-19. The combination therapy used in these immunosuppressed patients showed clinical benefits in controlling the infection.
ACTA HAEMATOLOGICA
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Sandile Cele et al.
Summary: Characterizing the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in an individual with advanced HIV disease in South Africa, this study found that the evolved virus showed immune escape of vaccines and enhanced escape of Delta immunity. This suggests that immune-compromised hosts may play a significant role in the evolution of the virus.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Li-An K. Brown et al.
Summary: This study characterized a cohort of patients with chronic or relapsing COVID-19 disease who have immunodeficiency. The findings suggest that remdesivir monotherapy is often ineffective, but the combination of remdesivir with antibody-based therapeutics shows promise.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Virology
Luigi Cattel et al.
Summary: This review focuses on the vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and University of Oxford/AstraZeneca for COVID-19, covering aspects such as technological formulation, safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity. All three vaccine candidates showed consistent efficacy and tolerability, with some differences in technological formulation and temperature storage that may impact logistics and costs. Further studies are needed to evaluate long-term effects and assess vaccine safety and efficacy in the general population.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David C. Schultz et al.
Summary: This study screened and validated 122 drugs with antiviral activity and selectivity against SARS-CoV-2 out of approximately 18,000 drugs. Among them are the approved antivirals remdesivir and molnupiravir. The study also found that combining pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitors with antiviral nucleoside analogues synergistically inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jennifer Hammond et al.
Summary: In high-risk, unvaccinated adults, treatment of Covid-19 with nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir can significantly reduce the risk of hospitalization and death, with good safety profile.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Christina Y. Lee et al.
Summary: Persistent COVID-19 infection is more likely to occur in patients with hematologic malignancies, particularly B-cell lymphomas. Active therapy and diminished T-cell counts are associated with acute mortality, while B cell-depleting therapy is the main cause of rehospitalization. Patients with persistent infection show high viral entropy, especially those with impaired CD8(+) T-cell immunity. These findings highlight the need for additional therapeutic strategies to clear the virus in immunocompromised patients.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shiv Gandhi et al.
Summary: This article reports a case of remdesivir resistance mutation in an immunocompromised patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patient developed viral shedding recurrence and whole genome sequencing identified a mutation, E802D, in the nsp12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. In vitro experiments showed that this mutation increased remdesivir resistance but had a fitness cost in the absence of remdesivir. The patient achieved sustained clinical and virologic response with casirivimab-imdevimab treatment.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Kasen K. Riemersma et al.
Summary: The Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 is highly transmissible and can partially escape from immunity. Vaccinated individuals infected with Delta variants are capable of shedding infectious virus and could contribute to the spread of COVID-19.
Article
Oncology
Samuel A. Kareff et al.
Summary: This study retrospectively evaluated the impact of COVID-19 on cancer patients and providers in a community-facing cancer clinic. The results showed a significantly higher COVID-19 positivity rate among providers compared to patients, with almost two-thirds of patients experiencing treatment delays and 10% of cancer patients dying during the Omicron wave. The study highlights the continued threat of COVID-19 to cancer patients' treatment and livelihood, as well as the healthcare disparities faced by disadvantaged populations.
Letter
Oncology
Daiki Wada et al.
Summary: Due to prolonged viral replication, immunocompromised patients with COVID-19 can experience subacute or chronic pneumonia and potential viral escape. A novel treatment combining antiviral therapies and neutralizing antibodies with monitoring of specific antibodies and viral load indicators was successfully applied to 10 immunosuppressed patients, preventing infection relapse and reactivation.
EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Simone Mornese Pinna et al.
Summary: This article discusses the largest vaccination effort in history to end the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, and the impact of mutations on vaccine effectiveness. It summarizes the content of clinical trials and existing research on these topics.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Daniel Owusu et al.
Summary: The study found that most COVID-19 patients remained positive for SARS-CoV-2 for >= 10 days after symptom onset, but individuals with mild to moderate COVID-19 are unlikely to be infectious >= 10 days after symptom onset. Participants under 18 had shorter shedding resolution times, while those over 50 had longer shedding resolution times compared to those aged 18-49.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Remy Dulery et al.
Summary: Age >= 70 years, relapsed/refractory lymphoma, and recent administration of anti-CD20 therapy are risk factors for prolonged length of in-hospital stay and death for lymphoma patients hospitalized for Covid-19.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Respiratory System
Matteo Bassetti et al.
Summary: Recent evidence from randomized controlled trials does not support the use of lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, and interferons for treating COVID-19. However, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies have shown efficacy in reducing the risk of severe disease development when administered early in high-risk patients. Ongoing trials will provide further insight into the optimal use of antiviral agents for COVID-19 therapy.
EXPERT REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Chiara Sepulcri et al.
Summary: Immunocompromised patients can have prolonged shedding of SARS-CoV-2 and clinical relapses of COVID-19, with differences in cell immune dynamics and absence of virus-specific antibodies detected.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Lawrence Corey et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Lars F. Westblade et al.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
N. David Yanez et al.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Bina Choi et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2020)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Teresa Aydillo et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2020)
