4.6 Review

Systematic Literature Review of the Epidemiological Characteristics of Pneumococcal Disease Caused by the Additional Serotypes Covered by the 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

The 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20): expected added value

Esther Janssens et al.

Summary: This review assesses the potential impact of implementing the investigational 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) in the vaccination programs of Belgium and Europe. The study finds that PCV20 has the potential to prevent more pneumococcal disease than existing vaccines, but further research is needed to confirm its effectiveness and safety.

ACTA CLINICA BELGICA (2023)

Article Immunology

Distribution of Serotypes Causing Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children From High-Income Countries and the Impact of Pediatric Pneumococcal Vaccination

Lindsay R. Grant et al.

Summary: The distribution of pneumococcal serotypes in children from high-income countries has been examined. Much of the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is caused by serotypes in PCV15 and PCV20; including these pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) into existing pediatric immunization programs may help reduce the incidence of IPD.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2023)

Article Immunology

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 15B polysaccharide conjugate elicits a cross-functional immune response against serotype 15C but not 15A

Li Hao et al.

Summary: This study investigated the protection mechanism of pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines against different serotypes, showing that the 15B conjugate in a 20-valent PCV induced cross-functional antibody responses against 15C but not 15A. A rapid differentiation of closely related serotypes such as 15B from 15C and 15A was achieved using whole-genome sequencing data and molecular dynamics simulations.

VACCINE (2022)

Article Immunology

Serotype Replacement after Introduction of 10-Valent and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in 10 Countries, Europe

Germaine Hanquet et al.

Summary: We evaluated the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Europe during the 8 years of infant pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) programs using PCV10 and PCV13 vaccines. IPD incidence declined between 2011 and 2014, but increased between 2015 and 2018. The incidence of non-PCV13 serotypes increased while PCV13 serotypes decreased. Similar trends were observed in countries using PCV13 or PCV10 vaccines. The study highlights the need for new vaccines providing broader serotype protection.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Article Immunology

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 15B polysaccharide conjugate elicits a cross-functional immune response against serotype 15C but not 15A

Li Hao et al.

Summary: The study examined the protective effect of antibodies induced by pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines against different serotypes, as well as the distinction between serotypes like 15B and 15C, demonstrating cross-functional antibody responses of PCV20 against serotypes 15B and 15C.

VACCINE (2022)

Article Immunology

Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of a 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV20) in Adults 60 to 64 Years of Age

Donald Hurley et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a 20-valent PCV in adults aged 60 to 64 without prior pneumococcal vaccination. Results showed that PCV20 was well tolerated and elicited robust immune responses against all serotypes in this age group, demonstrating its potential to expand pneumococcal disease protection.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Editorial Material Infectious Diseases

Direct effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines among children in Latin America and the Caribbean

Cynthia G. Whitney et al.

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Article Immunology

Effectiveness of the 7-and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Against Vaccine-Serotype Otitis Media

Ron Dagan et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that the 7-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal vaccines are effective in protecting against otitis media caused by specific serotypes, especially serotypes 19F and 19A.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Microbiology

Serotype Distribution of Remaining Pneumococcal Meningitis in the Mature PCV10/13 Period: Findings from the PSERENADE Project

Maria Garcia Quesada et al.

Summary: Introduction of PCV has reduced pneumococcal meningitis incidence, with remaining cases showing different serotype distribution in countries using PCV10/13 for at least 5-7 years. Higher-valency PCVs may target over half of remaining cases, but further data is needed for generalizability in the African meningitis belt.

MICROORGANISMS (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

Characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae detected in clinical respiratory tract samples in southern Sweden 2 to 4 years after introduction of PCV13

Fabian Udden et al.

Summary: This study investigated the serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae associated with mucosal infections in patients of all ages following the transition from PCV10 to PCV13. The results showed that 17% of isolates were covered by PCV13, with serotypes 3 and 19A being the most common. Nonvaccine serotypes such as 11A, 23B, 15A, and 35F were also identified, with certain serotypes showing multidrug resistance or penicillin nonsusceptibility.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2021)

Article Immunology

Safety and Immunogenicity of a 20-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Healthy Infants in the United States

Shelly Senders et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that administration of PCV20 in healthy US infants was well tolerated, with a safety profile similar to PCV13, and induced robust serotype-specific immune responses. These findings support continued development of PCV20 in the pediatric population.

PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

Increase of serotype 8, ST53 clone, as the prevalent strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in Madrid, Spain (2012-2015)

Juan Carlos Sanz et al.

ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (2020)

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Adult vaccination for pneumococcal disease: a comparison of the national guidelines in Europe

C. Bonnave et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2019)

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Making sense of differences in pneumococcal serotype replacement

Joseph A. Lewnard et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2019)

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Indirect effects of paediatric conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in older adults

Pilar Ciruela et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2019)

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Factors Associated With Severe Nonmeningitis Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Adults in France

Kostas Danis et al.

OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2019)

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Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in different settings

William P. Hausdorff

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2019)

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Streptococcus pneumoniae: Serotype distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, risk factors and mortality in Galicia over a two year-period

Susana Mendez-Lage et al.

ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (2015)

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Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine against Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Adults

M. J. M. Bonten et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2015)

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Pneumococcal Serotypes before and after Introduction of Conjugate Vaccines, United States, 1999 2011

Sandra S. Richter et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2013)

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Interpretation of random effects meta-analyses

Richard D. Riley et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2011)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies

Erik von Elm et al.

BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (2007)

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Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis

JPT Higgins et al.

STATISTICS IN MEDICINE (2002)