Effects of Luteolin-7-O-Glucoside on Intestinal Microbiota Dysbiosis and Drug Resistance Transmission Caused by Raoultella ornithinolytica B1645-1: Modulating the Composition of Intestinal Microbiota and Promoting the Transfer of blaNDM-1 Gene from Genus Enterococcus to Lactobacillus in Mice

Raoultella ornithinolytica is an Enterobacteriaceae bacterium that can infect both humans and animals, while luteolin-7-O-glucoside (IOG) is a flavonoid that has broad effects on the intestinal microbiota of healthy animals. However, current studies lack sufficient data on intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and drug resistance transmission caused by R. ornithinolytica and the possible role of IOG. In this study, BALB/c mice were infected with R. ornithinolytica carrying blaNDM-1 gene and treated with IOG (3 mg/kg center dot d and 6 mg/kg center dot d) to analyze the diversity of intestinal microbiota and the transfer of blaNDM-1 between bacteria. The findings indicated that R. ornithinolytica B1645-1 exhibited a significant ability to enhance the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio and increase the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacillus after 48 h, where as 6 mg/kg center dot d IOG had an opposite effect. Moreover, R. ornithinolytica B1645-1 facilitated the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and promoted blaNDM-1 gene transfer in Enterococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Brevibacterium, and Lactobacillus. Enterococcus was the predominant genus at 48 h. Surprisingly, 6 mg/kg center dot d IOG significantly inhibited the production of drug-resistant bacteria and promoted blaNDM-1 gene transfer from Enterococcus to Lactobacillus at 144 h. However, the role of Lactobacillus as a recipient for drug-resistant genes should be of more concern.

Automated summary

This study investigates the diversity of intestinal microbiota and the transfer of the blaNDM-1 gene in bacteria using R. ornithinolytica infected mice treated with IOG. The results demonstrate that R. ornithinolytica can enhance the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio and increase the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacillus, while IOG has the opposite effect. Additionally, R. ornithinolytica promotes the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and facilitates the transfer of the blaNDM-1 gene in various bacteria.