Associating bovine herpesvirus 1 envelope glycoprotein gD with activated phospho-PLC-γ1(S1248)

Phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1) may locate at distinct subcellular locations, such as cytosol, plasma membrane, and nucleus for varied biological functions. Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) productive infection activates PLC-gamma 1 signaling, as demonstrated by increased protein levels of phosphorylated-PLC-gamma 1 at Ser1248 [p-PLC-gamma 1(S1248)], which benefits virus productive infection. Here, for the first time, we reported that Golgi apparatus also contains activated p-PLC-gamma 1(S1248). And BoHV-1 productive infection at later stages (24 hpi) increased the accumulation of p-PLC-gamma 1(S1248) in the Golgi apparatus, where p-PLC-gamma 1(S1248) forms highlighted puncta observed via a confocal microscope. Coimmunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that the Golgi p-PLC-gamma 1(S1248) is specifically associated with the viral protein gD but not gC. In addition, we found that p-PLC-gamma 1(S1248) is consistently associated with both the plasma membrane-associated virions and the released virions. When the virus-infected cells were treated with PLC-gamma 1-specific inhibitor, U73122, for a short duration of 4 hours prior to the endpoint of virus infection, we found that the viral protein gD was trapped in the Golgi apparatus, suggesting that the PLC-gamma 1 signaling may facilitate trafficking of progeny virions out of this organelle. These findings provide a novel insight into the interplay between PLC-gamma 1 signaling and BoHV-1 replication. IMPORTANCE Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) productive infection increases protein levels of phosphorylated-phospholipase C gamma 1 at Ser1248 [p-PLC-gamma 1(S1248)]. However, whether it causes any variations to p-PLC-gamma 1(S1248) localization is not well understood. Here, for the first time, we found that partial p-PLC-gamma 1(S1248) is residing in the Golgi apparatus, where the accumulation is enhanced by virus infection. p-PLC-gamma 1(S1248) is consistently associated with virions, partially via binding to gD, in both the Golgi apparatus and cytoplasm membranes. Surprisingly, it also associates with the released virions. Of note, this is the first evidenced BoHV-1 virion-bound host protein. It seems that p-PLC-gamma 1(S1248) works as an escort during trafficking of progeny virions out of Golgi apparatus to the plasma membranes as well as releasing outside of the cell membranes. Furthermore, we showed that the activated p-PLC-gamma 1(S1248) is potentially implicated in the transport of virions out of Golgi apparatus, which may represent a novel mechanism to regulate virus productive infection.

Automated summary

During productive infection of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), activated form of phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1), p-PLC-gamma 1(S1248), is partially located in the Golgi apparatus and associated with the viral protein gD. This phosphorylated PLC-gamma 1(S1248) may function as an escort during the trafficking of progeny virions from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane.