4.5 Article

The role of forests in the EU climate policy: are we on the right track?

相关参考文献

注意:仅列出部分参考文献,下载原文获取全部文献信息。
Article Environmental Sciences

Satellite-based global maps are rarely used in forest reference levels submitted to the UNFCCC

Joana Melo et al.

Summary: The Earth observation community is working to increase the use of satellite-based maps in national greenhouse gas inventories submitted to the UNFCCC. A study on the use of Earth observation products in tropical countries' forest reference levels found limited uptake, with global forest change being the most widely used product. Interaction between developers of Earth observation products and GHG inventory groups is needed to ensure suitability for national reporting and contribute to more complete global estimates.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS (2023)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Releasing global forests from human management: How much more carbon could be stored?

Caspar T. J. Roebroek et al.

Summary: Carbon storage in forests serves as a critical means to prevent global warming beyond 1.5 degrees C. Nonetheless, the worldwide impact of forest management, such as harvesting, on carbon balance remains inadequately assessed. Through the integration of global forest biomass, management data, and machine learning, we reveal that a maximum of 44.1 petagrams of carbon could be added to aboveground forest biomass by reducing human intervention, given current climate conditions and CO2 concentration. This would represent a 15 to 16% increase compared to current levels, equivalent to approximately 4 years of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Hence, without substantial emission reductions, this approach offers limited mitigation potential and preserving the forest carbon sink should primarily aim to offset ongoing carbon emissions.

SCIENCE (2023)

Article Environmental Sciences

The Impact-based Regulatory Strategy in Environmental Law: Hallmark of Effectiveness or Pitfall for Legitimacy?

Niko Soininen et al.

Summary: EU environmental law increasingly relies on impact-based regulation, which involves biophysical sciences in both design and interpretation. However, this regulatory strategy poses challenges to the legitimacy of EU environmental law. This article examines this shift and analyzes the legitimacy challenges using Lon L. Fuller's eight classic criteria for the rule of law. The study focuses on the EU Water Framework Directive and the Land-use Change and Forestry Regulation, identifying serious shortcomings in legal legitimacy and proposing potential improvements.

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW (2023)

Editorial Material Agronomy

Changes in perspective needed to forge 'no-regret' forest-based climate change mitigation strategies

Karl-Heinz Erb et al.

Summary: Forest-based mitigation strategies are important for preventing catastrophic climate change, but there is disagreement on how to implement them. One view favors enhanced wood use as a substitute for emissions-intensive products, while others focus on forest conservation and restoration for carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation. We propose a new perspective that takes into account forest growth dynamics and the carbon cost associated with wood use, and emphasizes the potential and desired carbon sequestration of forests.

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY (2022)

Article Forestry

Managing existing forests can mitigate climate change

Pekka E. Kauppi et al.

Summary: Planting new forests and better management of existing forests are both important measures to mitigate climate change. A study in northern Europe found that despite an increase in timber harvests, the forest carbon stock accelerated. This suggests that forest management can support both increased timber harvests and forest carbon stock.

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (2022)

Article Biodiversity Conservation

Significant increase in natural disturbance impacts on European forests since 1950

Marco Patacca et al.

Summary: In recent decades, European forests have been increasingly affected by natural disturbances, which have significant impacts on timber resources and ecosystem services. However, there is a lack of long-term empirical data and a coherent monitoring system to better understand disturbance dynamics and develop adaptive management strategies.

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY (2022)

Article Forestry

Nordic forest management towards climate change mitigation: time dynamic temperature change impacts of wood product systems including substitution effects

Maximilian Schulte et al.

Summary: This study assesses the climate change mitigation potential of different rotation forest management alternatives in three regions of Sweden using a time dynamic assessment. The results show that prolonging rotations by 20% provides the largest additional net climate benefit until 2050, while decreasing harvests by 20% leads to the cumulatively largest net climate benefits past 2050.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Emerging signals of declining forest resilience under climate change

Giovanni Forzieri et al.

Summary: Forest resilience is changing in response to climate change, with tropical, arid, and temperate forests experiencing a decline in resilience, while boreal forests show an increasing trend. Reductions in resilience are linked to abrupt declines in forest primary productivity.

NATURE (2022)

Article Ecology

The European forest carbon budget under future climate conditions and current management practices

Roberto Pilli et al.

Summary: To achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, additional efforts are needed to increase the net carbon sink from forests in the European Union. This requires considering the interactions between age-class distributions, forest management practices, and future climate change. A hybrid modeling approach combining land-climate models and an empirical forest growth model was used to quantify the impact of climate change and forest management on the long-term evolution of the EU forest carbon budget. The results show the importance of both management practices and climate change in determining the carbon sink.

BIOGEOSCIENCES (2022)

Review Environmental Sciences

Substitution impacts of wood use at the market level: a systematic review

Elias Hurmekoski et al.

Summary: Wood-based products typically have lower fossil-based emissions over their lifecycle compared to functionally equivalent products made from other materials. However, quantifying the potential impact of large-scale material substitution at the market level remains challenging. Studies show that using wood as a substitute for other materials can reduce emissions, but the specific values are influenced by assumptions and system boundaries, limiting their generalizability.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Climate mitigation forestry-temporal trade-offs

Torbjorn Skytt et al.

Summary: This study analyzes the impact of forest management on climate change mitigation, showing that reduced harvesting levels can provide short-term climate benefits and even moderate reductions would yield substantial climate benefits. The findings highlight the importance of adjusting forest management strategies based on future substitution factors and forest growth for optimal climate outcomes.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

On the trade-offs and synergies between forest carbon sequestration and substitution

Sampo Soimakallio et al.

Summary: The study found that increasing harvest rates in Finland would likely increase total net greenhouse gas flow to the atmosphere, as the increased CO2 emissions from biomass were higher than the decreased carbon sequestration in forests, resulting in avoided CO2 emissions.

MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR GLOBAL CHANGE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Emergent vulnerability to climate-driven disturbances in European forests

Giovanni Forzieri et al.

Summary: This study quantifies European forest vulnerability to fires, windthrows, and insect outbreaks from 1979 to 2018 using machine learning, disturbance data, and satellite products. Results show that about 33.4 billion tonnes of forest biomass could be seriously affected, with higher relative losses in windthrows and fires compared to insect outbreaks. The spatial pattern of vulnerability is influenced by forest characteristics and background climate, with hotspot regions identified at the borders of the climate envelope in southern and northern Europe.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Forestry

Simulating conversion of even-aged Norway spruce into uneven-aged mixed forest: effects of different scenarios on production, economy and heterogeneity

D. O. J. Reventlow et al.

Summary: Despite a lack of knowledge on the effects of different strategies, ongoing conversion of even-aged stands to uneven-aged forests in Europe was simulated using SILVA. Different conversion strategies were compared in terms of mean annual increment, structural development, and expectation value over a 150-year conversion period._results showed variations in outcomes, with gap creation showing faster stand heterogeneity development and economic returns.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH (2021)

Letter Multidisciplinary Sciences

Concerns about reported harvests in European forests

Marc Palahi et al.

NATURE (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Initial forest age distribution may generate computational sinks or sources of carbon: A generic approach to test assumptions underlying the EU LULUCF forest reference levels

Jari Vauhkonen et al.

Summary: Our simulations suggest that the initial forest age class distribution affects the carbon sinks or sources in managed forest land when preparing FRLs based on harvest ratio and assuming age dynamics. Harvests projected according to the ratio only corresponded to age dynamics in the case of uniform age distribution. This highlights the importance of considering variation in initial states between countries in future LULUCF regulation.

CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT (2021)

Article Forestry

Devastating outbreak of bark beetles in the Czech Republic: Drivers, impacts, and management implications

T. Hlasny et al.

Summary: The outbreak of spruce bark beetles in the Czech Republic, driven by climate extremes and unfavorable forest structure, has led to significant ecological, economic, and social impacts. Management actions exacerbated conflicts between forest management and nature conservation, highlighting the need for structural changes to enhance social and ecological resilience in the regional forest-based sector.

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (2021)

Article Forestry

JRC study on harvested forest area: resolving key misunderstandings

Giacomo Grassi et al.

Summary: The recent study on forest harvest in the EU revealed an increase in clear-cut harvested area, but clarified that this information should complement country statistics rather than contradict them. The main aim of the original study was to highlight the potential of integrating satellite data into forest resource monitoring, achieved through high-resolution satellite maps tracking the temporal evolution of clear-cut forest harvest in the EU.

IFOREST-BIOGEOSCIENCES AND FORESTRY (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Setting the forest reference levels in the European Union: overview and challenges

Matteo Vizzarri et al.

Summary: The study assessed the methodologies behind the modelled Forest Reference Levels (FRLs) and evaluated the impact of continuation of management practices and age dynamics on the near-future EU27 + UK forest carbon sink. Most countries implemented robust modelling approaches within the FRL framework, but faced challenges in ensuring consistency with historical estimates. The projected increase in harvest in 2021-2025 is associated with a decline in forest sink, highlighting the complexity of forest-carbon interactions.

CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT (2021)

Article Business

Boosting the EU forest-based bioeconomy: Market, climate, and employment impacts

Ragnar Jonsson et al.

Summary: This study examines the climate change mitigation implications of wood substitution, with a focus on modelling forest resource and wood-product markets. The results suggest that increasing wood-based construction in the EU can boost production and employment, but may also lead to reduced carbon sinks in forests due to increased EU harvests. International cooperation is needed to address these challenges.

TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE (2021)

Article Economics

Climate-Smart Forestry: the missing link

P. J. Verkerk et al.

FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Abrupt increase in harvested forest area over Europe after 2015

Guido Ceccherini et al.

NATURE (2020)

Review Plant Sciences

Modern Strategies to Assess and Breed Forest Tree Adaptation to Changing Climate

Andres J. Cortes et al.

FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2020)

Article Environmental Studies

The LULUCF Regulation: the new role of land and forests in the EU climate and policy framework

Seita Romppanen

JOURNAL OF ENERGY & NATURAL RESOURCES LAW (2020)

Review Biodiversity Conservation

Impacts of dead wood manipulation on the biodiversity of temperate and boreal forests. A systematic review

Jennie Sandstrom et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY (2019)

Article Environmental Sciences

Balancing trade-offs between ecosystem services in Germany's forests under climate change

Martin Gutsch et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS (2018)

Article Forestry

Effects of traditional forest management on carbon storage in a Mediterranean holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) coppice

Sebastiano Sferlazza et al.

IFOREST-BIOGEOSCIENCES AND FORESTRY (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Realizing Mitigation Efficiency of European Commercial Forests by Climate Smart Forestry

Rasoul Yousefpour et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2018)

Article Environmental Sciences

Understanding the implications of the EU-LULUCF regulation for the wood supply from EU forests to the EU

Gert-Jan Nabuurs et al.

CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT (2018)

Article Environmental Sciences

Science-based approach for credible accounting of mitigation in managed forests

Giacomo Grassi et al.

CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT (2018)

Article Geography

Recent land cover change after the Kyrill windstorm in the Sumava NP

Tomas Janik et al.

APPLIED GEOGRAPHY (2018)

Review Environmental Sciences

Accounting of GHG emissions and removals from forest management: a long road from Kyoto to Paris

Joachim H. A. Krug

CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT (2018)

Article Forestry

Sustaining the sequestration efficiency of the European forest sector

Aude Valade et al.

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (2017)

Review Environmental Sciences

Forest disturbances under climate change

Rupert Seidl et al.

NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE (2017)

Review Forestry

Increased forest production through forest tree breeding

Seppo Ruotsalainen

SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH (2014)

Article Environmental Sciences

First signs of carbon sink saturation in European forest biomass

Gert-Jan Nabuurs et al.

NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE (2013)

Article Biodiversity Conservation

Reconstruction and attribution of the carbon sink of European forests between 1950 and 2000

Valentin Bellassen et al.

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY (2011)

Article Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

Carbon accumulation in European forests

P. Ciais et al.

NATURE GEOSCIENCE (2008)

Article Biodiversity Conservation

Temporal evolution of the European forest sector carbon sink from 1950 to 1999

GJ Nabuurs et al.

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY (2003)