Inhibition of a-Amylase, a-Glucosidase, Pancreatic Lipase, 15-Lipooxygenase and Acetylcholinesterase Modulated by Polyphenolic Compounds, Organic Acids, and Carbohydrates of Prunus domestica Fruit

This work aimed to establish the content of phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, and organic acids and to determine their potential to inactivate a-amylase, a-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and antioxidant activity (ABTS(o+) and FRAP) in 43 Prunus domestica cultivars. We identified 20 phenolic compounds, including, in the order of abundance, polymeric procyanidins, flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids, flavonols, and anthocyanins. The total content of phenolic compounds varied depending on the cultivar and ranged from 343.75 to 1419 mg/100 g d.w. The cultivars of S2, S11, and S16 accumulated the greatest amounts of polyphenols, while in cvs. S42, S35, and S20 polyphenols were the least abundant. The highest antioxidant potential of 7.71 (ABTS(o+)) and 13.28 (FRAP) mmoL Trolox/100 g d.w. was confirmed for cv. S11. P. domestica fruits showed inhibitory activity toward a-amylase (2.63-61.53), a-glucosidase (0.19-24.07), pancreatic lipase (0.50-8.20), and lipoxygenase (15-LOX; 4.19-32.67), expressed as IC50 (mg/mL). The anti-AChE effect was stronger than the anti-BuChE one. Cv. S3 did not inhibit AChE activity, while cv. S35 did not inhibit BuChE. Thanks to the abundance of biologically active compounds, P. domestica offers several health-promoting benefits and may prevent many diseases. For these reasons, they are worth introducing into a daily diet.

Automated summary

This study aimed to determine the content of phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, and organic acids and their potential biological activities in 43 Prunus domestica cultivars. The cultivars varied in their composition and the highest total phenolic content was found in S2, S11, and S16, while the lowest was in S42, S35, and S20. Cv. S11 had the highest antioxidant potential and P. domestica fruits showed inhibitory activities against several enzymes. Due to its abundance of bioactive compounds, P. domestica offers health-promoting benefits and may prevent diseases.