期刊
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
卷 11, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1196466
关键词
mitochondrial transporters; mitochondrial channels; posttranslational modifications; MPQC; MCU; VDAC; MPTP; SLCs
Mitochondria play a critical role in energy metabolism and signal transduction, which is regulated by proteins, metabolites, and ion fluxes. Mitochondrial membranes have distinct permeabilities to ions and metabolites. Channels and transporters on the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes mediate metabolite and ion fluxes, and are regulated by post-translational modifications. The mitochondrial protein quality control system ensures efficient molecular flux and removal of mistargeted or defective proteins. Understanding mitochondrial channels and transporters is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing pathological conditions.
Mitochondria play a critical role in energy metabolism and signal transduction, which is tightly regulated by proteins, metabolites, and ion fluxes. Metabolites and ion homeostasis are mainly mediated by channels and transporters present on mitochondrial membranes. Mitochondria comprise two distinct compartments, the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), which have differing permeabilities to ions and metabolites. The OMM is semipermeable due to the presence of non-selective molecular pores, while the IMM is highly selective and impermeable due to the presence of specialized channels and transporters which regulate ion and metabolite fluxes. These channels and transporters are modulated by various post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, oxidative modifications, ions, and metabolites binding, glycosylation, acetylation, and others. Additionally, the mitochondrial protein quality control (MPQC) system plays a crucial role in ensuring efficient molecular flux through the mitochondrial membranes by selectively removing mistargeted or defective proteins. Inefficient functioning of the transporters and channels in mitochondria can disrupt cellular homeostasis, leading to the onset of various pathological conditions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of mitochondrial channels and transporters in terms of their functions, PTMs, and quality control mechanisms.
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