期刊
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
卷 18, 期 9, 页码 1018-1024出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/ncb3393
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资金
- NIH [GM094522]
- NSF CAREER Award [MCB-1055017]
- Medical Research Council, UK [MC_UP_A025_1011]
- Wellcome Trust New Investigator Award [WT100387]
- EMBO Young Investigator Award
- Marie Curie Intra European Fellowship
- NSF Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE 1106400]
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Div Of Molecular and Cellular Bioscience [1055017] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Medical Research Council [MC_UP_A025_1011] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [MC_UP_A025_1011] Funding Source: UKRI
Kinesin and dynein motors transport intracellular cargos bidirectionally by pulling them in opposite directions along microtubules, through a process frequently described as a 'tug of war'(1). While kinesin produces 6 pN of force, mammalian dynein was found to be a surprisingly weak motor (0.5-1.5 pN) in vitro, suggesting that many dyneins are required to counteract the pull of a single kinesin(2). Mammalian dynein's association with dynactin and Bicaudal-D2 (BICD2) activates its processive motility(3-6), but it was unknown how this affects dynein's force output. Here, we show that formation of the dynein-dynactin-BICD2 (DDB) complex increases human dynein's force production to 4.3 pN. An in vitro tug-of-war assay revealed that a single DDB successfully resists a single kinesin. Contrary to previous reports, the clustering of many dyneins is not required to win the tug of war. Our work reveals the key role of dynactin and a cargo adaptor protein in shifting the balance of forces between dynein and kinesin motors during intracellular transport.
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