4.7 Review

Fungi Parasitizing Powdery Mildew Fungi: Ampelomyces Strains as Biocontrol Agents against Powdery Mildews

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Review Plant Sciences

Ampelomyces mycoparasites of powdery mildews - a review

Rosa E. Prahl et al.

Summary: This review paper highlights the significant research conducted on fungi belonging to the genus Ampelomyces. Phylogeny based on both ITS and actin sequences has grouped Ampelomyces into different lineages. Ampelomyces taxonomy is unresolved and future multi-locus analysis will assist in delimiting species. Members of the genus Ampelomyces are among the first mycoparasites used to control powdery mildew fungi, and they have the potential to be used as biocontrol agents due to their resistance to certain fungicides and insecticides. Transcriptome and proteomic studies are needed to further understand their virulence and potential use in crop protection.

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY (2023)

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Hyperparasitic Fungi against Melon Powdery Mildew Pathogens: Quantitative Analysis of Conidia Released from Single Colonies of Podosphaera xanthii Parasitised by Ampelomyces

Yutaka Kimura et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of hyperparasitic fungi in controlling powdery mildew. In a greenhouse, we spray-inoculated colonies of the melon PM-causing fungus with spores of the hyperparasitic fungus Ampelomyces sp. We collected and counted the conidia produced by the PM colonies and found that the hyperparasitic fungus suppressed the release of conidia. This study is the first to use electrostatic and digital microscopic techniques to assess the impact of fungal hyperparasitism on mycohost survival and quantitatively evaluate the suppression of conidial release from infected PM colonies.

AGRONOMY-BASEL (2023)

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Inhibitory Effects of Blue Light-Emitting Diode Irradiation on Podosphaera xanthii Conidial Release and Infection of Melon Seedlings

Tomoko Suzuki et al.

Summary: This study investigates the effects of red and blue light on the spread of powdery mildew infection in melon plants. Results show that red light promotes faster spread of infection, while blue light slows down the spread. The findings provide valuable insights into the ecological mechanisms of powdery mildew conidial scatter.

AGRICULTURE-BASEL (2022)

Article Plant Sciences

Real-Time Collection of Conidia Released from Living Single Colonies of Podosphaera aphanis on Strawberry Leaves under Natural Conditions with Electrostatic Techniques

Shuka Ayabe et al.

Summary: This study investigated the dispersal mechanism of conidia from conidiophores in strawberry powdery mildew fungi and found that the release of conidia is significantly affected by light intensity and day length.

PLANTS-BASEL (2022)

Article Microbiology

Beyond Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Sequences: Evolution, Taxonomy, and Closest Known Saprobic Relatives of Powdery Mildew Fungi (Erysiphaceae) Inferred From Their First Comprehensive Genome-Scale Phylogenetic Analyses

Niloofar Vaghefi et al.

Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of powdery mildew fungi and revealed the phylogenetic relationship between Erysiphaceae and Arachnopeziza. Furthermore, by comparing the phylogenies derived from nrDNA sequences and genomes, the study identified contamination and quality issues in some powdery mildew genomes.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Ampelomyces strains isolated from diverse powdery mildew hosts in Japan: Their phylogeny and mycoparasitic activity, including timing and quantifying mycoparasitism of Pseudoidium neolycopersici on tomato

Mark Z. Nemeth et al.

Summary: The study isolated 26 Ampelomyces strains from six different powdery mildew species infecting host plants in Japan. These strains were characterized based on morphology and genetic sequences, showing six different genotypes. In inoculation experiments, all Ampelomyces strains successfully infected and showed similar mycoparasitic activity on five powdery mildew species. The study also documented the mycoparasitic interaction between selected Ampelomyces strains and tomato powdery mildew fungus, providing valuable insights for future biocontrol and ecological studies on Ampelomyces mycoparasites.

PLOS ONE (2021)

Article Agronomy

Formulated Ampelomyces quisqualis CPA-9 applied on zucchini leaves: influence of abiotic factors and powdery mildew mycoparasitization

Anna Carbo et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated the compatibility of A. quisqualis CPA-9 with various phytosanitary products, and the solid formulation showed better resilience on zucchini leaves. This indicates the potential for the developed fluidised-bed spray-dried formulation to become a biocontrol product.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY (2021)

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What is the role of the nitrate reductase (euknr) gene in fungi that live in nitrate-free environments? A targeted gene knock-out study in Ampelomyces mycoparasites

Mark Z. Nemeth et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates the unique nitrate-free environment in which Ampelomyces mycoparasites thrive, and shows that the euknr gene is not essential for their mycoparasitic ability. This suggests the presence of other undiscovered processes maintaining the function of euknr in Ampelomyces.

FUNGAL BIOLOGY (2021)

Article Evolutionary Biology

The Bipartite Structure of the First Genome of Ampelomyces quisqualis, a Common Hyperparasite and Biocontrol Agent of PowderyMildews, May Point to Its Evolutionary Origin from Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Lauren Huth et al.

Summary: Mycoparasitic fungi Ampelomyces are important for controlling plant pathogenic powdery mildews. The genomic analysis revealed the bipartite structure of Ampelomyces genomes and their evolutionary affinity to plant pathogenic fungi. The high-quality genome assembly provides a valuable resource for future studies on biocontrol mechanisms.

GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The role of internal transcribed spacer 2 secondary structures in classifying mycoparasitic Ampelomyces

Rosa E. Prahl et al.

Summary: This study reveals that ITS sequences can provide important information for fungal classification, but their reliability is not always absolute. For some fungal groups, large differences in ITS sequences within and between species may lead to misidentification. The researchers found significant genetic variations in Ampelomyces, suggesting caution is needed when using ITS sequences for species delineation.

PLOS ONE (2021)

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Fungicide Resistance in Powdery Mildew Fungi

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Trichomes: interaction sites of tomato leaves with biotrophic powdery mildew pathogens

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Pathogen dynamics under both bottom-up host resistance and top-down hyperparasite attack

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Host specificity in phylogenetic and geographic space

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Biology and biocontrol potential of Ampelomyces mycoparasites, natural antagonists of powdery mildew fungi

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