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Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Eliza R. Mccoll et al.
Summary: This article reports on a symposium held by the American Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Drug Metabolism and Disposition, which discussed the impact of viral infections and vaccines on drug metabolism and disposition. The symposium discussed the interactions between viral infections and hepatic drug metabolism, as well as the potential effects on drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. The discussions also covered how SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccines alter the metabolism and disposition of complex drugs and their potential impact on fetal development.
DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katharina Roltgen et al.
Summary: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, different vaccines have been used globally. This study compares the antibodies generated by mRNA vaccines, infection, and other types of vaccines. It shows that mRNA vaccines result in a better antibody breadth against viral variants compared to infection. Infection leads to variant-specific antibodies, while mRNA vaccination imprints responses towards the original virus strain. mRNA vaccines also stimulate robust germinal centers in lymph nodes, enhancing the immune response.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katlyn Lederer et al.
Summary: This study compared the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in healthy individuals and kidney transplant recipients by analyzing lymph nodes. The results showed that kidney transplant recipients had significantly impaired immune responses, including reduced GC B cell responses, hindered T follicular helper cell function, and decreased memory B cell and neutralizing antibody responses. They also had reduced frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells. These findings suggest impaired GC-derived immunity in immunocompromised individuals following mRNA vaccination.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Matthew E. Oster et al.
Summary: Based on reports in the US, the risk of myocarditis after receiving mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines was increased, especially among adolescent males and young men, particularly after the second dose. This risk should be considered in the context of the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Alana F. Ogata et al.
Summary: The study found that most participants showed detectable levels of SARS-CoV-2 protein as early as day 1 after receiving the mRNA-1273 vaccine, and the clearance of detectable SARS-CoV-2 protein correlated with the production of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA).
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Suji Kwon et al.
Summary: Synthetic mRNA has emerged as a promising biotherapeutic agent, especially in the development of mRNA vaccines. It allows fast, scalable, and cost-effective production, and has shown unprecedented impact in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. This review summarizes the latest technology and the innate immunogenicity of in vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA, and discusses its role in vaccine development and future directions.
ARCHIVES OF PHARMACAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Janos Szebeni et al.
Summary: After over a billion vaccinations with mRNA-LNP based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity reactions are considered rare adverse events. The underlying mechanisms of first-dose anaphylaxis and the predictability of future reactions are unknown. Given the importance of new mRNA constructs in addressing emerging viral variants, there is a need for safe repeated immunization approaches for high-risk individuals and reliable predictive tools for adverse reactions to mRNA vaccines. Lessons from nanomedicine research on infusion reactions can inform the mRNA vaccine field.
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sydney B. Stein et al.
Summary: This study provides new insights into the extent of COVID-19 infection in patients. It reveals that SARS-CoV-2 can be widely distributed throughout the body, including the brain, and can persist for up to 230 days, particularly in severe cases.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Oliver J. Watson et al.
Summary: A study quantified the global impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination programs, finding that the vaccination has substantially altered the course of the pandemic, saving tens of millions of lives globally. However, inadequate access to vaccines in low-income countries has limited the impact, reinforcing the need for global vaccine equity and coverage.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tudor Emanuel Fertig et al.
Summary: COVID-19 mRNA vaccines effectively reduce the incidence of severe disease, hospitalization, and death. This study used qPCR to track synthetic mRNA in the blood after BNT162b2 vaccination and found that the mRNA persists in the systemic circulation for at least 2 weeks. Transmission electron microscopy revealed morphological changes indicative of lipid nanoparticle uptake, but only a small fraction of leukemic cells showed spike-like structures on the cell surface, suggesting reduced expression levels for these specific phenotypes.
Letter
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ioannis P. Trougakos et al.
Summary: This article is a response to the comments and discussions made by Cosentino and Marino on our opinion article regarding the putative role of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine-produced antigen in adverse effects of vaccination. They addressed one of our outstanding questions and provided a plausible answer.
TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Oliver J. Watson et al.
Summary: The study estimated that COVID-19 vaccination has prevented millions of deaths globally between December 8, 2020, and December 8, 2021. Achieving the vaccination coverage targets set by COVAX and WHO could have prevented even more deaths. However, limited access to vaccines in low-income countries has hindered the impact, highlighting the importance of global vaccine equity.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Javier T. Granados-Riveron et al.
Summary: The review highlights the rapid development of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines within less than a year after the first SARS-CoV-2 infection. These vaccines elicit broadly protective immune responses and are amenable to rapid and flexible manufacturing processes, aiding in an agile response to the current pandemic.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Xuhua Xia
Summary: This article delves into the structure and function of the spike protein in SARS-CoV-2, aiming to enhance the mechanistic understanding of how it mediates cell entry and transmission, as well as discussing important issues related to vaccine development and the emergence of viral variants.
Article
Immunology
Sandhya Bansal et al.
Summary: After vaccination, circulating exosomes rapidly induce expression of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, with antibodies peaking 14 days after the second dose. Increasing levels of spike protein in exosomes following booster doses demonstrate their important role in effective immunization post mRNA vaccination.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martina Patone et al.
Summary: Emerging reports of rare neurological complications associated with COVID-19 infection and vaccinations are leading to concerns in regulatory, clinical, and public health sectors. A self-controlled case series study in England showed an increased risk of rare neurological complications following COVID-19 vaccination and infection. The study highlighted a higher risk of Guillain-Barre syndrome after ChAdOx1nCoV-19 vaccination.
Article
Pathology
Mayara Bearse et al.
Summary: COVID-19 is associated with cardiac injury and dysfunction, with cardiac infection by SARS-CoV-2 being common among patients who have died from the disease but often with only rare infected cells. Cardiac infection by SARS-CoV-2 is linked to more cardiac inflammation and electrocardiographic changes. Nonbiologic immunosuppression is associated with lower incidences of myocarditis and cardiac infection by SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Immunology
Miguel Garcia-Grimshaw et al.
Summary: mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are shown to be safe and effective, with low incidence of adverse events post-immunization, most of which are non-serious, with neurologic AEFIs being the majority. The vaccines offer significant individual and societal benefits, outweighing the low percentage of serious neurologic AEFIs, which should help dispel hesitancy towards this new vaccine platform.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nicola P. Klein et al.
Summary: This study conducted interim analysis of safety surveillance data of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines and found that the incidence of selected serious outcomes within 1-21 days post-vaccination was not significantly higher compared with 22-42 days post-vaccination. Surveillance is ongoing despite wide confidence intervals for many outcomes.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Noam Barda et al.
Summary: The study found that after receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine, most adverse events were not associated with an increased risk, although there was a slight increase in the risk of myocarditis. On the other hand, infection with the Covid-19 virus significantly increased the risk of many serious adverse events.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Xintong Li et al.
Summary: This study highlights significant variations in the background incidence rates of 15 prespecified adverse events associated with covid-19 vaccines across different databases. Certain adverse events increase with age, while others are more prevalent in younger individuals. Meta-analytic estimates of adverse event rates have been classified by age and sex.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jay Montgomery et al.
Summary: This study investigated cases of myocarditis occurring in male patients within the US Military Health System after receiving mRNA COVID-19 vaccines between January and April 2021. A total of 23 male patients presented with acute chest pain within 4 days post-vaccination, with elevated troponin levels and findings consistent with myocarditis on imaging. The number of cases observed was higher than expected after a second dose of the vaccine among male military members.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ching-Lin Hsieh et al.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Myriam Remmelink et al.
Article
Microbiology
Yu-Wei Wu et al.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Oliwia Andries et al.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2015)
