Nano- and Microemulsions in Biomedicine: From Theory to Practice

Nano- and microemulsions are colloidal systems that are widely used in various fields of biomedicine, including wound and burn healing, cosmetology, the development of antibacterial and antiviral drugs, oncology, etc. The stability of these systems is governed by the balance of molecular interactions between nanodomains. Microemulsions as a colloidal form play a special important role in stability. The microemulsion is the thermodynamically stable phase from oil, water, surfactant and co-surfactant which forms the surface of drops with very small surface energy. The last phenomena determines the shortage time of all fluid dispersions including nanoemulsions and emulgels. This review examines the theory and main methods of obtaining nano- and microemulsions, particularly focusing on the structure of microemulsions and methods for emulsion analysis. Additionally, we have analyzed the main preclinical and clinical studies in the field of wound healing and the use of emulsions in cancer therapy, emphasizing the prospects for further developments in this area.

Automated summary

Nano- and microemulsions, colloidal systems widely used in biomedicine, have important applications in various fields such as wound healing, cosmetology, drug development, and oncology. The stability of these systems depends on the balance of molecular interactions between nanodomains. Microemulsions, as a colloidal form, play a crucial role in stability due to their thermodynamic stability and low surface energy. This review examines the theory, methods of obtaining, and structure analysis of nano- and microemulsions. It also summarizes the main studies in wound healing and cancer therapy using emulsions, highlighting future prospects in this area.