期刊
NATURE
卷 534, 期 7609, 页码 693-+出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nature18313
关键词
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资金
- Cancer Center Support Grant [P30CA016087]
- NIH [R01GM107329]
- HHMI
- NCI PSOC grant [U54 CA193313]
- NYU Medical Scientist Training Program
- National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship
In 1943, Luria and Delbruck used a phage-resistance assay to establish spontaneous mutation as a driving force of microbial diversity(1). Mutation rates are still studied using such assays, but these can only be used to examine the small minority of mutations conferring survival in a particular condition. Newer approaches, such as long-term evolution followed by whole-genome sequencing(2,3), may be skewed by mutational 'hot' or 'cold' spots(3,4). Both approaches are affected by numerous caveats(5-7). Here we devise a method, maximum-depth sequencing (MDS), to detect extremely rare variants in a population of cells through error-corrected, high-throughput sequencing. We directly measure locus-specific mutation rates in Escherichia coli and show that they vary across the genome by at least an order of magnitude. Our data suggest that certain types of nucleotide misincorporation occur 10(4)-fold more frequently than the basal rate of mutations, but are repaired in vivo. Our data also suggest specific mechanisms of antibiotic-induced mutagenesis, including downregulation of mismatch repair via oxidative stress, transcription-replication conflicts, and, in the case of fluoroquinolones, direct damage to DNA.
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