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The Role of Gut Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

CELLS (2023)

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Review Microbiology

The Vaginal Microbiome in Health and Disease-What Role Do Common Intimate Hygiene Practices Play?

Alexandra M. Holdcroft et al.

Summary: The vaginal microbiome is a sensitive and dynamic microenvironment. A healthy vaginal microbiome is dominated by Lactobacillus spp., which acidifies the vaginal environment and protects against pathogens. However, characterizing a "normal" microbiome is challenging due to various factors, and a lack of Lactobacillus has been linked to adverse vaginal health outcomes. Intimate hygiene practices, such as douching, can disrupt the vaginal microbiome and increase the risk of infections. This review aims to outline the factors influencing the vaginal microbiome and infections, as well as summarize the impact of hygiene products and practices on the vaginal microbiome.

MICROORGANISMS (2023)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Disease-modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis: Implications for gut microbiota

Silvy Pilotto et al.

Summary: The effect of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) on the gut microbiota and its potential implications for multiple sclerosis (MS) were summarized. The review found that some DMTs can modulate the gut microbiome and may impact the therapeutic outcomes of MS. However, the results of the studies are inconsistent and further research is needed to confirm this association.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2023)

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Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Role of the gut microbiome in chronic diseases: a narrative review

Amrita Vijay et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION (2022)

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Editorial Material Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Longitudinal Analysis Suggests Epstein--Barr as Cause of Multiple Sclerosis

[Anonymous]

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2022)

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Article Immunology

Gut Microbiome and Bile Acid Metabolism Induced the Activation of CXCR5+CD4+T Follicular Helper Cells to Participate in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Recurrence

Xi Cheng et al.

Summary: In this study, the role of Tfh cells in NMOSD recurrence and the regulation mechanism of serum CXCL13 levels and bile acid GUDCA were investigated. The results revealed that the frequency of circulating Tfh cells was lower in patients with ARR<1, serum CXCL13 levels were downregulated, and the level of bile acid GUDCA was positively correlated with CXCL13. Additionally, the frequency of Tfh precursor cells in the spleen decreased after GUDCA intervention.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Immunology

Gut microbiome-mediated regulation of neuroinflammation

John W. Bostick et al.

Summary: The intestinal microbiome influences neuroinflammatory diseases through multiple communication pathways with the brain, involving the production of metabolites, modulation of inflammatory tone, and affecting immune cell trafficking.

CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Editorial Material Neurosciences

Lung microbiota and MS

Elisa Floriddia et al.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2022)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

The Role of Diet and Interventions on Multiple Sclerosis: A Review

Panagiotis Stoiloudis et al.

Summary: This article provides a review of the role of diet in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the effects of dietary interventions on MS activity and progression. Research suggests that diet may affect the onset, course, and quality of life in MS patients. Further large prospective clinical studies are needed to thoroughly evaluate the role of diet in MS.

NUTRIENTS (2022)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Gut Microbiota as a Potential Predictive Biomarker in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Vicente Navarro-Lopez et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the gut microbiota of patients with RRMS and found differences compared to a healthy control group. Analysis of the microbiota components revealed the potential of certain genera as predictive factors for RRMS prognosis and diagnosis.

GENES (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Multiple Sclerosis and Microbiome

Jana Lizrova Preiningerova et al.

Summary: This article discusses the relationship between gut microbiota and the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), emphasizing the importance of further research and understanding of the role of microbiota in MS treatment.

BIOMOLECULES (2022)

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Review Immunology

Multiple sclerosis and obesity: The role of adipokines

Jorge Correale et al.

Summary: This paper explores the relationship between Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and obesity, as well as the potential underlying biological mechanisms shared by both conditions. The paper highlights the role of adipokines, a family of soluble factors produced by adipose tissue, in both obesity and MS, suggesting their involvement as immune response mediators. The findings of this study are significant for further understanding and treating MS and obesity.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biology

Nasal Microbiota and Neuroinflammation: Relationship between Nasal Flora and Multiple Sclerosis Onset/Progression

Federico Maria Gioacchini et al.

Summary: The role of nasal microbiota in neuroinflammation is gradually being recognized. There is a significant connection between nasal microbiota dysbiosis and the presence of multiple sclerosis. Further studies are needed to analyze the nasal microbiota and its metabolism in patients with multiple sclerosis.

LIFE-BASEL (2022)

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Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis

Melanie Ward et al.

CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Genetics of multiple sclerosis: lessons from polygenicity

An Goris et al.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mendelian randomization

Eleanor Sanderson et al.

Summary: Mendelian randomization (MR) uses genetic variation to address causal questions about modifiable exposures, with principles based on Mendel's laws and instrumental variable estimation methods. It enables inference of causal effects and can be used as part of a triangulation across multiple sources of evidence for causal inference.

NATURE REVIEWS METHODS PRIMERS (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Longitudinal analysis reveals high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus associated with multiple sclerosis

Kjetil Bjornevik et al.

Summary: This study suggests that multiple sclerosis may be caused by Epstein-Barr virus, with no direct association with other viral infections. These findings provide clues to the primary cause of MS.

SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Low-Fat, High-Fiber Diet Reduces Markers of Inflammation and Dysbiosis and Improves Quality of Life in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis

Julia Fritsch et al.

Summary: In patients with UC, both a low-fat, high-fiber diet and an improved standard American diet increased quality of life, but the low-fat, high-fiber diet decreased markers of inflammation and reduced intestinal dysbiosis in fecal samples.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

An atlas on risk factors for multiple sclerosis: a Mendelian randomization study

Shuai Yuan et al.

Summary: The study found that childhood and adulthood body mass index were positively associated with MS, while physical activity and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were inversely associated with MS. Additionally, possible associations were found for type 2 diabetes, waist circumference, body fat percentage, age of puberty, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in relation to MS. Data from systematic review suggested that exposure to organic solvents, Epstein Barr virus and cytomegalovirus infection, and diphtheria and tetanus vaccination were also associated with MS risk.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The Healthy Microbiome-What Is the Definition of a Healthy Gut Microbiome?

Fergus Shanahan et al.

Summary: Defining a healthy microbiome in different populations is crucial, but requires improved profiling technologies and understanding the variations and influences on the microbiome among apparently healthy individuals.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

The role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in metabolic diseases

Jiayu Wu et al.

Summary: The gut microbiome and its metabolites are crucial in the onset and development of many metabolic diseases. Targeting the gut microbiome and relevant metabolic pathways may be effective therapeutic treatments for metabolic diseases in the future. Advances in improving metabolic diseases by regulating the gut microbiome will be discussed in this review.

PROTEIN & CELL (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Bacterial variation in the oral microbiota in multiple sclerosis patients

Zahra Zangeneh et al.

Summary: The interaction between microorganisms in the oral cavity and the host is important in the development of the nervous system and nervous diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis. This study found that certain bacterial genera were significantly more abundant in the oral cavity of MS patients, while other genera were more prevalent in healthy individuals. Controlling oral infections may have an impact on reducing the progression of MS.

PLOS ONE (2021)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Signaling inflammation across the gut-brain axis

Gulistan Agirman et al.

Summary: The brain and gastrointestinal tract, as critical sensory organs, interact through immune cells along the gut-brain axis to regulate inflammatory responses and immune balance, affecting the physiological state of the body.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Review Nutrition & Dietetics

The Role of the Gut Microbiome, Immunity, and Neuroinflammation in the Pathophysiology of Eating Disorders

Michael J. Butler et al.

Summary: Alterations in the gut microbiome and immune system may play a role in maintaining and exacerbating eating behavior dysregulation in disorders like anorexia and bulimia, and could potentially serve as biomarkers for increased risk of developing these eating disorders. Research focuses on studying gut dysbiosis, peripheral inflammation, and neuroinflammation in each disorder, as well as exploring data from preclinical rodent models to better understand the biological mechanisms underlying eating disorders. This knowledge is crucial for developing novel and effective treatments for these often difficult-to-treat eating disorders.

NUTRIENTS (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Gut Microbiome in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

Laura M. Cox et al.

Summary: This study investigated gut microbiome in progressive MS and found differences in microbiota beta-diversity between MS patients and controls, with unique bacteria associated with progressive MS. Elevated Akkermansia in MS may have a beneficial role in the disease, as indicated by lower disability and amelioration of EAE.

ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY (2021)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Environmental Influences on the Human Microbiome and Implications for Noncommunicable Disease

Jiyoung Ahn et al.

Summary: The human microbiome plays a crucial role in metabolic functions, protection against pathogens, and immune system education, impacting a wide range of physiological functions. The microbiome is linked to noncommunicable diseases such as orodigestive tract cancers, neurologic diseases, diabetes, and obesity. Environmental factors, both macroenvironmental (toxicological, chemical, and socioeconomic) and microenvironmental (smoking, alcohol, diet), play a significant role in influencing the health of the microbiota and the development of these diseases, with current uncertainties and challenges warranting further research for a stronger scientific evidence base.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH, VOL 42, 2021 (2021)

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Review Neurosciences

Gut microbiome research in multiple sclerosis

Daiki Takewaki et al.

Summary: Recent studies have identified specific gut microbial species linked to various human diseases, and the gut-brain axis is currently attracting much attention in the field of microbiome science. Researchers are also striving to elucidate how the microbiome regulates the onset and progression of MS. The new findings achieved by analyzing the causal relationship between MS and the gut microbiome will provide a new therapeutic strategy for MS.

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Intermittent Fasting and the Possible Benefits in Obesity, Diabetes, and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

Maria Morales-Suarez-Varela et al.

Summary: Intermittent fasting has beneficial effects on lipid profile, weight loss, and glycemic control for obese and diabetic patients. Limited data suggests it may be a safe intervention for patients with multiple sclerosis, but more research on long-term effects is needed.

NUTRIENTS (2021)

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Review Neurosciences

The Gut Microbiome and Substance Use Disorder

Jordan T. Russell et al.

Summary: Substance use disorders (SUDs) pose a significant public health challenge, with a strong genetic component and often comorbid with other psychiatric disorders. Recent research suggests the involvement of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of SUD.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Review Genetics & Heredity

Host Genetics and Gut Microbiome: Perspectives for Multiple Sclerosis

Alessandro Maglione et al.

Summary: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease determined by genetic and environmental factors, with the gut microbiome emerging as an important environmental factor. The interaction between the gut microbiome and host genetics in MS pathogenesis remains unclear. Research has focused on genetic factors, immune system interactions, and the gut microbiome in relation to MS, with future research avenues discussed.

GENES (2021)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

The gut, its microbiome, and the brain: connections and communications Michael D. Gershon, Kara Gross Margolis

Michael D. Gershon et al.

Summary: Modern research has uncovered the complexities of gastrointestinal behavior, where the gut communicates bidirectionally with the brain and senses the environment within itself, while the microbiome within the gut also plays a significant role in this process. The microbiota-gut-brain connectome has emerged as a key aspect of this tripartite interaction, highlighting the roles of serotonin, Toll-like receptors, and macrophages in signaling.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Clostridium bolteae is elevated in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in India and shares sequence similarity with AQP4

Lekha Pandit et al.

Summary: This study revealed elevated levels of C bolteae associated with AQP4+ NMOSD among Indian patients, suggesting a possible causal relationship with the immunopathogenesis of the disease. Presence of C bolteae correlated with expression of inflammatory genes associated with innate and adaptive immunities, specifically involved in plasma cell differentiation, B cell chemotaxis, and Th17 activation.

NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION (2021)

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Review Clinical Neurology

The gut microbiome in neurological disorders

John F. Cryan et al.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2020)

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Dysbiosis of gut microbiota in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: A cross sectional study

Ziyan Shi et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Infections, Vaccines and Autoimmunity: A Multiple Sclerosis Perspective

Dejan Jakimovski et al.

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Multiple Sclerosis and Smoking

Borros Arneth

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Characteristic of gut microbiota in southeastern Chinese patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

Juan Zhang et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2020)

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Gut-Brain Axis and Neurodegeneration: State-of-the-Art of Meta-Omics Sciences for Microbiota Characterization

Bruno Tilocca et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

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Letter Microbiology

Microbiome definition re-visited: old concepts and new challenges

Gabriele Berg et al.

MICROBIOME (2020)

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Role of Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis

Rachael E. Tarlinton et al.

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Gut microorganisms act together to exacerbate inflammation in spinal cords

Eiji Miyauchi et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Intestinal Barrier Breakdown and Mucosal Microbiota Disturbance in Neuromyelitis Optical Spectrum Disorders

Chunping Cui et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Antibiotics as Major Disruptors of Gut Microbiota

Jaime Ramirez et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

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The intestinal microbiota fuelling metabolic inflammation

Herbert Tilg et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Lack of short-chain fatty acids and overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens define dysbiosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: A Chinese pilot study

Junli Gong et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2019)

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Factors affecting the composition of the gut microbiota, and its modulation

Nihal Hasan et al.

PEERJ (2019)

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The Contribution of Gut Barrier Changes to Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology

Maria Chiara Buscarinu et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Stress, depression, diet, and the gut microbiota: human-bacteria interactions at the core of psychoneuroimmunology and nutrition

Annelise Madison et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES (2019)

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The Gut-Brain Axis and the Microbiome: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

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The role of infections in multiple sclerosis

Mariano Marrodan et al.

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Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Vitamins D plus A in Multiple Sclerosis

Paolo Riccio et al.

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A probiotic modulates the microbiome and immunity in multiple sclerosis

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Intermittent Fasting Confers Protection in CNS Autoimmunity by Altering the Gut Microbiota

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CELL METABOLISM (2018)

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Stephanie K. Tankou et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2018)

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The role of the gut microbiome in systemic inflammatory disease

Jose C. Clemente et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2018)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

The Gut Microbiome and Multiple Sclerosis

Javier Ochoa-Reparaz et al.

COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINE (2018)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

The role of the gut microbiome in systemic inflammatory disease

Jose C. Clemente et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2018)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Investigation of probiotics in multiple sclerosis

Stephanie K. Tankou et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2018)

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Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health

Rasnik K. Singh et al.

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Gut bacteria from multiple sclerosis patients modulate human T cells and exacerbate symptoms in mouse models

Egle Cekanaviciute et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Gut microbiota from multiple sclerosis patients enables spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2017)

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Review Immunology

Brain Autoimmunity and Intestinal Microbiota: 100 Trillion Game Changers

Hartmut Wekerle

TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2017)

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Cerebrospinal Fluid in a Small Cohort of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Was Generally Free of Microbial DNA

Juan Jovel et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2017)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis: An update

Charles Pierrot-Deseilligny et al.

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

A bidirectional association between the gut microbiota and CNS disease in a biphasic murine model of multiple sclerosis

Sara L. Colpitts et al.

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Review Immunology

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Ali Mirza et al.

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Ebrahim Kouchaki et al.

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Reza Alam et al.

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Neuromyelitis optica: Evaluation of 871 attacks and 1,153 treatment courses

Ingo Kleiter et al.

ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY (2016)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Gut microbiome analysis in neuromyelitis optica reveals overabundance of Clostridium perfringens

Bruce A. C. Cree et al.

ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY (2016)

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The Central Nervous System and the Gut Microbiome

Gil Sharon et al.

CELL (2016)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Gut microbiota in early pediatric multiple sclerosis: a case-control study

H. Tremlett et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2016)

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Alterations of the human gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis

Sushrut Jangi et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2016)

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Article Microbiology

Dynamics and Stabilization of the Human Gut Microbiome during the First Year of Life

Fredrik Backhed et al.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2015)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis: Possible Influence of Immunomodulators

Brandi L. Cantarel et al.

JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE (2015)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Progressive multiple sclerosis 1 Pathological mechanisms in progressive multiple sclerosis

Don H. Mahad et al.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2015)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Role of the innate and adaptive immune responses in the course of multiple sclerosis

Bernhard Hemmer et al.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2015)

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International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

Dean M. Wingerchuk et al.

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Dysbiosis in the Gut Microbiota of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis, with a Striking Depletion of Species Belonging to Clostridia XIVa and IV Clusters

Sachiko Miyake et al.

PLOS ONE (2015)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Update on biomarkers in neuromyelitis optica

Esther Melamed et al.

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Immunopathology of multiple sclerosis

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NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction Develops at the Onset of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, and Can Be Induced by Adoptive Transfer of Auto-Reactive T Cells

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PLOS ONE (2014)

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The gut microbiota influences blood-brain barrier permeability in mice

Viorica Braniste et al.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2014)

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Fungal infection in cerebrospinal fluid from some patients with multiple sclerosis

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2013)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Aquaporin 4-Specific T Cells in Neuromyelitis Optica Exhibit a Th17 Bias and Recognize Clostridium ABC Transporter

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ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY (2012)

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Contrasting disease patterns in seropositive and seronegative neuromyelitis optica: A multicentre study of 175 patients

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